土壤重金属环境质量矿物学评价方法  

Mineralogical method for environmental evaluation of heavy metals in soils

作　　者：鲁安怀[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学地球与空间科学学院,北京100871

出　　处：《地质通报》2005年第8期715-720,共6页Geological Bulletin of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金课题(49972017)资助。

摘　　要：利用环境矿物学理论和方法阐明了土壤矿物控制重金属活动状态,具体分析了重金属在矿物表面、层间域和孔道内可能的赋存位置。实验研究结果表明,矿物吸附重金属的作用受到介质pH值、介质离子强度等因素的影响。采用系统聚类分析方法,能定量地分析稳定的硫化物结合态微量有毒有害重金属元素的数量。利用粉晶X射线衍射分析方法,能定量地测定土壤矿物组成和含量。新提出土壤环境质量矿物学方法评价流程。该方法是在利用生态地球化学方法所完成的元素总量调查成果的基础上,开展单元性与剖面性土壤矿物组成与含量测定,查明表层土壤和深层土壤的矿物组成和分布,评价土壤中重金属的赋存状态及其对食物链的影响。旨在为农业地质环境评价提供新方法,切实提高农业地质环境调查质量与服务水平。This paper elucidates the control of heavy metal activity by minerals in soils by using the environmental mineralogy theory and method and analyzes the possible positions of occurrence of heavy metals on mineral surface and in interlayer domains and pore throats in more detail. Experimental study shows that the adsorption of heavy metals by minerals is influenced by factors such as pH values and ion strength of media, The contents of trace, poisonous and harmful heavy metallic elements in stable bound-state sulfide in soils can be calculated by systematic duster analysis, The mineral composition and contents in soils can be quantitatively determined by X-ray powder diffraction analysis. An evaluation process of soil environmental quality by the mineralogical method is put forward. This method is used to determine the composition and contents of minerals in soils in units and sections, ascertain the composition and distribution of minerals in surface soils and deep soils and evaluate the modes of occurrence of heavy metals in soils and their influence on the food chain, This study aims to provide a new method for evaluation of the agro-geological environment and earnestly improve the quality and service level of agro-geological environmental survey,

关 键 词：农业地质环境 土壤矿物 重金属 污染物 评价方法 

分 类 号：S153.61[农业科学—土壤学] P595[农业科学—农业基础科学]