思想瓦解——苏共失败的重要原因  

Ideological Collapse——An Important Reason for the Fiasco of the CPSU

作　　者：张树华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院政治学研究所比较政治研究室

出　　处：《俄罗斯东欧中亚研究》2005年第4期4-11,共8页Russian，East European & Central Asian Studies

摘　　要：思想是行动的先导,理论是行动的指南。思想理论工作是马克思主义政党自身建设的首要基础,是党保持执政地位、提高执政能力的关键。苏共后期的蜕变首先是从思想领域开始的。戈尔巴乔夫时期苏共意识形态领域的一系列失误埋下了苏共彻底失败的“种子”。20世纪80年代中期以后,苏共内部势力谋反与外部思潮渗透“里应外合”,结果导致了少数领导人思想上的背叛、部分知识精英发生蜕变,激进媒体借机搞乱思想、割裂历史、崇拜西方、否定自我、误导舆论、蒙骗民众。最终与苏联社会中的民族分裂情绪、自由主义说教、激进主义思潮、西方化幻想以及复仇倾向等汇聚一起,形成滔天巨浪,击毁了苏共,冲垮了苏联。Ideology precedes action and theory guides it. Ideological and theoretical work is the first and foremost basis for the self -construction of a Marxist party. This is crucial to the party in preserving its ruling position and enhancing its ruling capacities. The degeneration of the CPSU in the later period first began in the ideological field. A series of ideological mistakes committed by the CPSU in the Gorbachev period sowed the 'seeds' of its fiasco. The internal revolt of its internal forces and the penetration of external ideologies after the mid-1980s combined to result in the ideological revolt of a handful of its leaders and the degeneration of some of the intellectual elites, with the radical mass media taking advantage of the chance to create ideological confusions by splitting up history, worshipping the West and negating the Party itself and thus misleading the public opinion and hoodwinking the common people. Finally the national secessionist sentiments in the Soviet society, the liberalized indoctrinations and the radical trends of thought converged with the fantasies about Westernization as well as the tendency of revenge and retaliations into a billowy storm, which resulted in the devastation the CPSU and the crushing of the USSR into pieces.

关 键 词：苏共 意识形态工作 知识分子 信息战 思想理论工作 失败 20世纪80年代中期 马克思主义政党 戈尔巴乔夫时期 原因 

分 类 号：D351.2[政治法律—政治学]