木质素固沙材料应用于沙漠化地区植被恢复的研究  

Application of Lignin Sand-Fixer to Vegetation Restoration in Desertificated Areas

作　　者：鲁小珍[1] 金永灿[1] 杨益琴[1] 曹云峰[1] 李忠正[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学,南京210037

出　　处：《林业科学》2005年第4期67-71,共5页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目"功能性木质素固沙材料的特性及其作用机制"(50373020);国家林业局948项目"改性工业木质素防治沙漠化技术"(2003-4-32);南京林业大学高层次留学回国人员和引进高层次人才科研基金资助项目"利用禾草制浆废液制备植被用可降解固沙材料"。

摘　　要：木质素固沙材料是制浆废液经化学改性制备而成的一种新型固沙材料,具有见效快、可降解、成本低等优点,并可与植物固沙有机结合,促进沙化地区的植被恢复。经过3年在宁夏(半干旱地区)的木质素固沙与植被恢复相结合的研究,结果表明:1)木质素固沙材料溶液可以在1天之内快速形成沙结皮,起到固沙作用,比草方格固沙节约成本50%以上,当年植被便可恢复,经济、生态效益明显;同时使固沙的高度突破了12,达到了23的沙丘高度;使生物多样性明显增加。为干旱、半干旱地区的生态建设提供了一项新的技术措施。2)木质素固沙材料1%～2%的浓度和2.5L·m-2的剂量既可有效固沙,同时还可保持水分、减缓水分蒸发,对植物的发芽、生长及生物量积累均起到了良好的作用,是固沙与植被恢复的理想结合。3)木质素固沙材料是水溶性的,在半干旱地区木质素固沙材料的作用大约在8个月至1年,足以帮助植物的生长,但降水过多地区将使木质素的效能弱化。4)1年生草本与多年生的灌木植物组合配置,可持续性发挥固沙作用。Lignin chemically extracted from pulp waste liquor has been used as a sand fixer in an experiment of sand stabilization in 2001-2003 in a semiarid area in Ningxia. The results obtained were summarized as follows ： 1 ） the sand crusts were formed within 24 hours after spraying the lignin sand-fixer on the sand surface. The lignin sand-fixer reduced the cost more than 50% as compared with that of the grass-grid. The fixed sand could increase the height as much as 2/5 of the sand dune that could create favorable conditions for restoration of vegetation and biodiversity. 2）A desirable result was obtained by spraying the solution of 1% - 2% lignin sand-fixer in a dose of 2.5 L· m^- 2 on sand surface. As a result of reducing evaporation, consequently the moisture was favorable for seed germination, plant growth, and accumulation of biomass and final restoration of vegetation. 3）Lignin sand-fixer was water-soluble and could maintain sand-fixed for 8 - 12 months in semiarid area, which was enough for plant growth. 4）Sand could be fixed continuously by combining the annual herbs and the perennial shrubs.

关 键 词：木质素 固沙 植被恢复 

分 类 号：S725.79[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S727.23[农业科学—林学]