原油减压渣油馏分的油-水界面性质 Ⅹ.大庆减渣与伊朗轻质减渣馏分油-水薄液膜的性质  

OIL-WATER INTERFACIAL PROPERTIES OF VACUUM RESIDUE FRACTIONS FROM CRUDE OIL Ⅹ. Properties of Oil-Water Thin Liquid Membrane Formed by Vacuum Residue Fractions From Daqing and Iranian Light Crude Oils

作　　者：彭勃[1] 李鸿雁[1] 张路[2] 赵濉[2] 李明远[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学重质油国家重点实验室,北京102200 [2]中国科学院理化技术研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《石油学报（石油加工）》2005年第4期91-98,共8页Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section)

基　　金：国家重点研究发展规划项目(973-G1999022505);石油大学总校基金(ZX9904);石油大学重质油加工国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目

摘　　要：采用双分子类脂膜实验装置研究了大庆减压渣油与伊朗轻质减压渣油馏分的油-水薄液膜的膜电容(膜厚度)、排液-破裂方式、膜稳定时间(膜寿命)。结果表明,减渣馏分越重,分子吸附状态稳定,其油-水薄液膜越厚,膜稳定性越好。减渣馏分油-水薄液膜的排液-破裂有连续排液-破裂方式、“黑洞”排液-破裂方式和逐层破裂排液方式。当馏分越轻、馏分在油相中质量分数越低、表面活性剂加量越多时,以连续排液-破裂方式为主;而馏分越重、馏分在油相中的质量分数越高、表面活性剂加量越少时,以“黑洞”排液-破裂方式和逐层破裂排液方式为主。油相的组成,水相中的酸、碱、盐以及外加表面活性剂对减渣馏分的界面活性、吸附状态、电荷吸附量影响不同,相应的膜电容(膜厚度)和膜稳定时间也不同。The capacitance, breaking model, stable time of the oil-water thin liquid membrane built by vacuum residue fractions from Daqing（DQ） and Iranian（IL）crude oils were studied by bi-layer lipid membrane（BLM）method. It was found that the heavier the relative molecular mass and the more stable the absorption of fraction, the thicker and the more stable the oilwater thin liquid membrane formed. There were three membrane breaking models of continuous breaking model, ‘black hole’ breaking model and layer-by-layer breaking model. The oil-water thin liquid membrane with the lighter relative molecular mass, lower mass fraction of DQ and IL fractions, and lower addition of surfactant mainly corresponded to continuous breaking model, on the contrary, the oil-water thin liquid membrane with heavier relative molecular mass, higher mass fraction of DQ or IL fractions and higher addition of surfactant mainly corresponded to ‘black hole ’ or layer-by-layer breaking model. The components of oil phase, the acids, the bases and the salts in water-phase, the surfactant added were the factors resulting in different membrane capacitances （membrane thickness） and stable times, through affecting the interracial activity, adsorption state, amount and properties of adsorbed electric charge of fractions in different ways.

关 键 词：油-水界面性质 大庆减压渣油 馏分油 薄液膜 减渣 轻质 伊朗 双分子类脂膜 表面活性剂 

分 类 号：TE622[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程] TQ132.2[化学工程—无机化工]