纺织厂挡车工个体噪声暴露测量的评价  

Individual assessment of noise exposure in textile workers

作　　者：李玉秦[1] 陈山松[1] 成小如[2] 赵一鸣[2] 

机构地区：[1]郑州市疾病预防控制中心,河南郑州450053 [2]北京大学第三医院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国工业医学杂志》2005年第4期217-219,共3页Chinese Journal of Industrial Medicine

基　　金：卫生部科研基金(98-1-270);声场声信息国家重点实验室客座课题基金;NIHFogarty项目(SA1873JB)资助

摘　　要：目的比较个体计量仪与声级计评价挡车工噪声暴露的异同。方法用个体计量仪采集一工作日内挡车工的噪声暴露动态资料并将数据传输至微机存储和分析。选择前纺、细纱、布机车间使用不同类型机器的6组挡车工作为观察对象,每组3～5人,分别在早、中、晚班各测量1个班次的个体噪声暴露数据。同时采用网格法和普通声级计测量噪声水平。结果个体计量仪测定结果显示,挡车工在一个工作日内噪声暴露的水平是稳定的;对同一组挡车工的测量结果表明,挡车工个体间噪声暴露水平的变异大于不同工作日之间的变异。个体计量仪测量的噪声暴露水平等于或高于声级计测量的结果,最大可达4.6dB(A)。结论噪声个体计量仪可以连续动态记录挡车工的实际噪声暴露,其结果高于或等于声级计定点测量结果。在今后噪声暴露评价时应考虑采用这种测量方法。Objective To compare the virtues and disadvantages between the measure results using individual dosimeter and sound level meter respectively. Method The individual noise exposure data during a whole workday were collected by SH-126 dosimeter, and transmitted to IBM computer for storing and analysis. Six different kinds of textile-machines＇ operators in three workshops were selected as exposure groups, each group consisted of 3-5 persons, to collect the individual noise exposure data at each shift workday. Sound level meter was used to measure the sound pressure level （SPL） in working positions near the six different kinds of textile-machines. Result The results showed that the sound pressure level was stable during a whole workday for each sampled worker, the LAeq.8h of each textile worker during workday was also stable according to the data from dosimeter; while in each group, the variance of LAeq.8h among workers was bigger than that among shift workdays. The exposure levels of noise measured by dosimeter were equal or higher than those mearsured by sound level meter, the maximum difference even reached 4.6 dB （A）. Conclusion Dosimeter can be used to dynamically measure the real individual exposure level of noise for textile workers, the results measured by dosimeter may be equal or higher than those by traditional sound pressure levels using sound level meter. The new measure method using dosimeter should be applied for noise exposure assessment in near future.

关 键 词：暴露评价 档车工 个体计量仪 工业稳态噪声 

分 类 号：TB533.1[理学—物理]