聚果榕上黄猄蚁对传粉小蜂和非传粉小蜂后代数量的影响  

Impact of Oecophylla smaragina on the Percentage Number of Offspring of Pollinator and Non-pollinating Wasps on Ficus racemosa

作　　者：魏作东[1] 彭艳琼[1] 徐磊[1] 杨大荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园昆明分部

出　　处：《Zoological Research》2005年第4期386-390,共5页动物学研究（英文）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30170171;30200220);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向基金资助项目(KSCX2SW105)

摘　　要：2003年12月—2004年5月在中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园,对聚果榕(FicusracemosaLinn.)上活动的黄蚁进行了野外观测和隔离实验。预备观察到传粉小蜂钻入榕果内产卵;5种非传粉小蜂在果外用产卵器刺入果壁产卵,疤痕数量即为非传粉小蜂的产卵次数。在用粘鼠胶作隔离黄蚁的材料前,做了粘鼠胶对6种小蜂产卵的影响实验,发现粘鼠胶颜色气味等对其产卵无影响。随机选8株样树,在样树刚挂果时,在每株树上选取大小、位置、发育时期均相近的2个果枝(一组)。一枝在基部涂上粘鼠胶(处理),另一枝不作任何处理(对照)。当榕果变成橙色且变软时,将其采下单独分装,计数各单果内6种小蜂的数量。传粉小蜂在榕果的雌花期进入果内传粉和产卵,通常数秒内就能从果外的花托口钻入榕果,产卵受黄蚁干扰很小。而5种非传粉小蜂都是在榕果壁上将产卵器插入果内产卵,产卵持续的时间变化较大,从几分钟到几个钟头不等,因而其产卵受黄蚁干扰较大。双因素方差分析结果表明,黄蚁对榕果内各种小蜂的数量百分数都有显著影响(n=82,F1,80>9,P<0.02)。隔离黄蚁后,传粉小蜂的后代数量占各种小蜂总数的百分率显著降低(2.14%);未隔离占73.02%;除P.agraensis外,隔离黄蚁后,其他4种非传粉小蜂后代百分率均提高。聚果榕上的黄蚁有利于传粉小蜂繁殖,不利于非传粉小蜂繁殖,从而间接有益于榕树。We performed field observations and ant exclusion experiments to determine whether Oecophylla smaragina tending homopterans on the fruit （fig） of Ficus racemosa Linn. affects the reproduction of F. racemosa in Xishuangbanna from December 2003 to May 2004. The results of preliminary observations revealed that pollinator of F. racemosa oviposit inside the figs： five species of non-pollinating wasps attacked figs from the exterior; the number of non-pollinating wasps oviposition attempt can be quantified by counting the number of sears they made on the figs. The results of preliminary experiments showed the sticky glue barrier we used to exclude ants has no effect on oviposition of six species of wasps. When there were young figs on the sample trees, we selected two branches （a pair） which were similar in size, position and developmental phase and carried out experiments on eight randomly sampled trees. We excluded O. smaragina from one branch of each pair using sticky glue. We collected figs from trees just prior to the time that wasp progeny were due to emerge. We then counted the number of individuals of each wasp species per fig. The results showed that foraging workers of ants attacked non-pollinating wasps severely when which ovipositing on the figs. But they could not interfere with pollinators, which could enter the fig from the ostioles in a few seconds. The result of two-way ANOVA revealed that O. smaragina has significant impacts on the percentage （N%） of six wasp species breeding in the fig （n=82, F1.80 〉 9,P〈0.02）. Ants present the N% of offspring of pollinator was 73.02. Ants excluded the N% of offspring of pollinator reduced to 2.14. Except for Platyneura agraensis,when ants were excluded the N% of offspring of other species of non-pollinating also increased. Ceratosolen fusciceps was sole pollinator of F. racemosa, while non-pollinating wasps competed with pollinator for galls or parasitized pollinatorout play no role in polkunation process.So O. smaragina can benefit F. racemos

关 键 词：黄猄蚁 榕树 传粉小蜂 非传粉小蜂 

分 类 号：Q968.1[生物学—昆虫学]