黑河中游地区湿草地蒸散量试验研究  

Experimental Study on Evapotranspiration of Swampy Meadow in the Middle Reach of Heihe River

作　　者：吴锦奎[1] 丁永建[1] 沈永平[1] 牛丽[1] 王根绪[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2005年第4期582-590,共9页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40171002);中日合作黑河流域水文过程研究;中国气象局气候变化专项(CCSF-2005-2-QH39)资助

摘　　要：干旱区湿草地蒸散量的估算对区域草地生态环境建设、草场的科学管理和湿地保护等具有重要的意义.但目前为止,对湿草地蒸散的观测和研究非常少.以气象观测资料为基础,采用不同的方法估算了黑河中游湿草地的参考作物蒸散量(ET0),并对5种方法计算结果进行了对比.结果表明,除Priestley-Taylor法外,其余几种方法计算结果十分接近,相关性好.用FAOPenman-Monteith公式计算结果对ET0的变化作了分析:在一个完整年度内,试验地ET0为1193.9mm,日均3.26mm.d-1.在牧草不同生长季节,ET0变化剧烈,非生长期、生长初期、生长中期、生长末期分别为0.92mm.d-1、2.13mm.d-1、5.33mm.d-1和2.52mm.d-1,其蒸散量分别占全年蒸散总量的7.85%、5.02%、70.90%和16.23%.ET0在2月中下旬迅速增大,4月增大幅度最大,此后进一步增大直到7月达到最大,随后逐步减小,在11月中旬随着牧草生长期的结束降至年最低值.确定了牧草非生长期、生长初期、生长中期、生长末期的Kc分别为0.30、0.40、0.90和0.88,计算的牧草地年实际蒸散量为962.0mm,日均2.63mm·d-1.The estimation of evapotranspiration of swampy meadow in arid area is significant to ecological and environmental construction, scientific management of pasture and protection of swamp.But so far, there is less observation and research of it. Based on meteorological data, different methods are used to calculate the reference evapotrans-piration of swampy meadow in the middle reaches of Heihe River in Hexi Corridor. The analysis results show that the ASCE 1990 Penman-Monteith method, the Penman 1984, and the Hargreaves methods all correlated well with the FAO Penman-Monteith. Priestley Taylor formula shows considerable difference from other methods. ET0 estimated by FAO Penman-Monteith equation shows that in a whole year （2003--09 ～ 2004--08）, the total ET0 was 1193. 9 mm and a daily mean 3. 26mm· d^-1. The ET0 varies with growing stage. In non-growing period （NGP）, initial growing period （IGP）, middle growing period （MGP） and the end-growing period （EGP）, the ET0 is 0. 92 mm·d^-1, 2. 13 mm· d^-1, 5. 33 mm·d^-1 and 2. 52mm·d^-1, respectively. In the middle and end of February, the ET0 increases rapidly. But in April,the ET0 increases most. After that, it increases gradually and gets the maximal value in July.From then on, the ET0 decreases gradually and in the middle of November it gets a minimal value.Hourly analysis of the ET0 shows that at 8：00 am（during MGP usually at 7：00）, the evapotranspiration begins, at 13：00 pm it gets a maximal value and at 18：00 pm （during MGP usually at 19：00）,the evapotranspiration stops. The crop coefficients （K0）are 0.30, 0.40, 0.90 and 0.88 in NGP, IGP, MGP and EGP, respectively. The actual evapo transpiration is determined to be 962. 0 mm in a whole year and 2.63 mm· d^-1 of a daily mean.

关 键 词：蒸散量 湿草地 黑河中游 

分 类 号：S161.4[农业科学—农业气象学]