新装修居室空气中甲醛的测定及其遗传毒性的研究  

The determination of formaldehyde in newly decorated rooms and study on genetic toxicity of it

作　　者：戎芬[1] 原福胜[1] 白剑英[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西医科大学环境卫生学教研室,太原030001

出　　处：《山西医科大学学报》2005年第4期451-453,共3页Journal of Shanxi Medical University

基　　金：山西省自然科学基金资助项目(20031098)

摘　　要：目的了解新装修居室甲醛污染状况,并研究其对小鼠的遗传损伤作用。方法采用GS3型空气采样器采集新装修住宅室内空气中的甲醛,用乙酰丙酮分光光度法分析甲醛含量,通过微核试验和彗星试验检测甲醛的遗传毒性。结果装修组室内甲醛平均浓度为0.223mg/m3,超过国家卫生标准(0.10mg/m3)1.23倍,其中84.13%的监测点甲醛浓度超标,最高达0.688mg/m3,超标5.88倍。动物实验结果显示,甲醛能引起小鼠骨髓细胞微核率升高和外周血淋巴细胞DNA不同程度的电泳迁移,与对照组比较有显著性差异。微核率随着甲醛剂量的增加而升高,迁移率和迁移度在低剂量组与中、高剂量组之间有显著差异,中与高剂量组之间无显著差异。结论新装修居室甲醛污染较重,甲醛可损伤DNA,因此应加强该方面的调查研究,采取有效措施,降低室内污染物浓度。Objective To explore the formaldehyde concentration in newly decorated rooms and to study the genotoxicity of it to mice. Methods The formaldehyde was collected with GS-3 type air sampler in newly decorated rooms and the concentration of formaldehyde determined with acetylacetone spectrophotometric method. The genotoxicity of formaldehyde was tested by mice bone marrow micmnuclei and alkaline single cell gd electmphoresis. Results The average concentration of formaldehyde in the newly decorated rooms was 0. 223 mg/m3, higher than the national standard（0.10 mg/m3） for rooms by 1.23 times. The formaldehyde concentration of air in 84.13 % measuring ports exceeded the national standard. The highest concentration was 0. 688 mg/m3 and exceeded the standard by 5.88 times. In comparison with the control group, there was a significant increase in the rate of micronuclei and the length of DNA migration of peripheral lymphocytes in the experimental groups. The rate of micronuclei became higher with the dose increasing. The length and rate of DNA migration in low dose group were markedly different from medium and high dose groups. There was no significant difference between medium and high dose groups. Conclusion The formaldehyde pollution is very serious in newly decorated rooms and it may cause DNA damaged. Therefore, more studies should be operated in this aspect and steps should be taken to control the formaldehyde concentration in rooms.

关 键 词：甲醛 微核 单细胞凝胶电泳技术(彗星试验) 

分 类 号：R126.6[医药卫生—环境卫生学]