新疆雪豹调查中的痕迹分析  

Markings as Indicator of Snow Leopard in Field Survey, in Xinjiang

作　　者：马鸣[1] Bariushaa Munkhtsog 徐峰[1] 买尔旦[1] 殷守敬[1] 魏顺德 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]蒙古科学院生物研究所 [3]天山托木尔峰国家级自然保护区管理局,阿克苏843000

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2005年第4期34-39,共6页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国际雪豹基金会(ISLT);新疆保育基金(XCF)资助项目(No.20044037)

摘　　要：雪豹(Uncia uncia)属于中亚高山高度濒危动物,夜行性,极其罕见.新疆雪豹研究小组2004年9～11月,在新疆的北塔山、阿尔泰山东部、天山东部和托木尔峰地区大约9个地点,对雪豹的痕迹进行了全面调查.共计完成67个样线,总长度47 776 m,其中发现遗留痕迹的样线有27条,痕迹数118个,平均为2.47个/km.记录到的痕迹有粪团、嗅痕(气味标记)、足迹、刨痕、卧迹、爪印、毛发、尿迹、血迹、剩余食物(动物尸体)和吼声等.同步还完成了200余份问卷调查表,充分了解雪豹与当地居民的冲突.最后,通过痕迹学的分析,初步掌握雪豹的栖息地选择、领域范围、分布规律和相对密度.这对于种群数量估计和物种的保护管理具有重要意义.The Snow Leopard （ Uncia uncia） was a very rare species in China. The survey on the markings of Snow Leopard in Ahay and Tianshan Mountains is the major activity of the ＂Project of Snow Leopard in Xinjiang＂ supported by International Snow Leopard Trust （ISLT） and Xinjiang Conservation Fund （ XCF）. During the field work from Sep. to Nov. 2004, the Xinjiang Snow Leopard Group （XSLG） set 67 transects of a total length of 47 776 m with mean transect length is 713 m at 9 locations. Total of 118 markings of Snow Leopards were found in 27 transects, the mean density is 2.47/km. The markings of Snow Leopard included the pug marks or footprints, scrapes, feces, bloodstain, scent spray, urine, hair or fur, claw rake, remains of prey corpse, sleep site, roar and others. From the quantity and locations of marks, the XSLG got the information on habitat selection, distribution region and relative abundance of the Snow Leopard in the study areas. The survey also provided knowledge on distribution and abundance of major prey, potential conservation problems and human attitudes to Snow Leopards by taking 200 questionnaires in the study areas.

关 键 词：雪豹 痕迹 分布 栖息地选择 相对密度 新疆 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]