川滇高山栎种群统计特征的海拔梯度变化  

The Altitudinal Gradient Changes of Population Demography Characteristics of Quercus aquifolioides Population

作　　者：刘兴良[1] 岳永杰[1] 郑绍伟[1] 刘世荣[2] 史作民[2] 杨冬生[3] 杨玉坡[1] 马钦彦[4] 

机构地区：[1]四川省林业科学研究院,四川成都610081 [2]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,北京100091 [3]四川省林业厅,四川成都610082 [4]北京林业大学资源与环境学院,北京100083

出　　处：《四川林业科技》2005年第4期9-15,共7页Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金："973"项目(2002CB111504);国家林业局"十五"重点项目(2001010);国家"十五"攻关项目(2001BA510B06);国家林业局四川森林生态与资源环境重点实验室开放课题。

摘　　要：川滇高山栎广泛分布于横断山地区,属于亚高山硬叶栎林,是中国植被非常特殊的类型。种群统计是种群生态学研究的核心,主要研究种群在时间和空间上的数量变化规律。本文采用标准地法和样方收获法,对卧龙林区五个海拔梯度的川滇高山栎种群的大小结构、高度结构和生物量结构等方面探讨川滇高山栎种群的海拔梯度变异性规律。结果表明(1)川滇高山栎种群径级分布表现为两类,一类为海拔3000m以下地带的双峰型,径级峰值出现在2cm^4cm,约占70.33%;另一类为海拔3000m以上地带的单峰型,径级峰值出现在1cm^3cm,约占76.35%。(2)川滇高山栎种群高度级分布表现为两类,一类为海拔3000m以下地带,高度级峰值出现在2m^3m左右,约占65.38%;另一类为海拔3000m以上地带,随高度级增大,高度级百分率呈递减趋势。(3)川滇高山栎种群总生物量随海拔升高呈递减趋势,其平均总生物量为26408.7kg.hm-2,各器官平均生物量大小排序为干>枝>叶>皮,其生物量占种群总生物量的百分率分别为29.85%、18.54%、18.54%和6.91%。海拔2720m^2920m地带川滇高山栎种群地上部分器官生物量,干∶枝∶叶∶1皮的比例约为4∶3∶2∶1;海拔3020m^3120m地带川滇高山栎种群地上部分器官生物量,干∶枝∶叶∶皮的比例约为4∶2∶2∶1。As a very special vegetation type in China, Quercus aquifolioides are widely distributed in the Hengduanshan Mountain area, belonging to a type of the sub-alpine sclerophyllous oak forest. Population demography is the core of the research in population ecology, which mainly deals with changing laws of the population amount along with time and space, t3y the methods of field plot investigation and sample tree plot harvesting, and according to population diameter class, population tree height class structure and biomass structure of Q. aquifolioides at the five altitudes gradients from 2 720 m to 3 120 m, researches were conducted on the characteristics of altitudinal gradient changes in Q. aquifolioides thicket population at Balangshan Mountain in Wolong Nature Reserve. The results showed that （1） the distribution of its diameter classes at 10 cm aboveground exhibited two types;one was an two-apex type, which was distributed at a zone with an elevation below 3 000 m above sea level, and whose apex values were from 2 cm to 4 cm, and accounted for 70.33 % ;Another was an odd apex type,which was found in a zone with an elevation of above 3 000 m,and whose apex values were from 1 cm to 3 cm,accounted for 76.35% ; （2） The distribution of its tree height classes displayed two types;one was an odd apex type, which was found in a zone with an elevation of below 3 000 m, whose apex values were from 2 m to 3 m, and accounted for 65.38 % ;Another were a zone with an elevation of above 3 000 m, where the percentage of the tree height class decreased with the increase in the tree height class; （3） The total biomass of Q. aquifolioides population had a declining trend with the increase of altitude, and its total average biomass was 26 408.7 kg. hm^-2; the average biomasses of different organs were arranged in the following sequence; stem 〉 branch 〉 leaf 〉 bark, and their biomasses accounted for 29.85 %, 18.54%, 18.54% and 6.91% of the average biomass of population respectively. For the aboveground biomass of t

关 键 词：川滇高山栎 径级结构 高度级结构 生物量结构 硬叶栎林 横断山 卧龙自然保护区 

分 类 号：S792.181[农业科学—林木遗传育种]