长白山豆科植物的生态习性、分布、区系分析及其共生固氮能力的调查研究  

STUDY ON THE ECOLOGICAL HABIT, DISTRIBUTION,FLORISTIC ANALYSIS AND SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN--FIXED ABILITIES OF LEGUMES IN CHANGBAI MOUNTAIN

作　　者：傅沛云[1] 吴阳 王基选 丁鉴[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所

出　　处：《植物研究》1989年第1期103-114,共12页Bulletin of Botanical Research

摘　　要：通过作者的调查研究和总结,基本搞清了长白山豆科植物的种类,并在本文内加以阐述,共计22属48种1变种3变型(不包括栽培的,见表1)。同时本文还阐述了每种植物的生态习性、垂直分布和地理分布情况(表1)并加以比较和讨论。对于区系组成也着重进行了分析,其结果说明,长白山的豆科植物区系,在其区系发生上与日本具有极为密切的关系,与亚寒带的关系也比较密切,在它的系统发生的分布历史上是较为古老和久远的。对于长白山豆科植物的固氮能力,作者在海拔500—2600米的各个垂直分布带内,一共采集测试了14属27种植物,结果表明,每种植物均表现出一定的固氮活性(表2),并可看出种间固氮活性的差异。一个非常有意义的结果是有5个种固氮活性显著较高,它们是:苜蓿、米口袋、东北山黧豆、短萼鸡眼草和草木犀;还有4个种固氮活性也明显高于其余各种,此即是黄耆、大叶野豌豆、广布野豌豆和山黧豆。可以看出,这些植物在其根瘤菌资源的开发利用上是很有前途而值得今后予以充分注意与深入研究的。On the basis of investigation, 22 genera, 48 species, 1 variaty and3 forms of legumes in Changbai mountain are taxonomically studied (exceptcultivated species, Table 1) in present paper. The ecological habit, ver-tical and geographic distribution of each species are also presented (Table1). Most of the legumes in this area are heliophilic mesophytes, 6 speciesmeso-hydrophytes, 6 species meso-xerophytes, and 3 species growing on thecold and moist alpine turdra with short frostless season. What it is notablein vertical distribution (except semi-wild species) is that only 3 species i.e. Oxytropis anertii, Vicia ramuliflora f. baicalensis and Hedysarum ussuriense aredistributed on the alpine turdra from 2000—2600 m above sea level, 4 spec- ies, i. e. Hedysarum ussuriense, Vicia ramuliflora f. baicalensis, Vicia venosa andTrifolium lupinaster in the Betula ermanii forest zone 1700—2000m above sealevel, 5 species, i. e. Vicia venosa, Vicia ramuliflora f. baicalensis,Vicia cracca,Trifolium lupinaster and Astragalus uliginosus are in the Picea-Abies forest sub-zone 1350—1700m aboye sea leve, and more than 40 species, making up 90.9percent of the total wild species are growing in the mixed forest zone of Pinuskoraiensis and broad-leaf trees which is the major zone where the legumesare growing in Changbai mountain. The secondary forest zone lower thanalt. 500m is the major place where the invaded meso-xerophytes are grow-ing. In geographical distribution, most of the legumes in Changbai moun-tain are distributed in the temperate to subcold zone, only a few speciesreach Europe, North America and southern China. 2 species even reachtropical area of Asia, Africa and Australia. In floristic composition, 18species belong to China-Japan component, 12 species Sibirica component, 3species Europe-Asia component, 3 species Changbai component, 2 speciesChangbai-Dahuri component, 2 species Asia-N. America component, 1species holarctic component. 1 species Arctic component, 2. species tro-pical Asia component and 1 species paleot

关 键 词：豆科 生态习性 固氮力 

分 类 号：Q949.751.9[生物学—植物学]