松树截根菌根化育苗和造林的研究  

study on Mycorrhization of Pine in Nursery and Field by Cutting Primary Root Apex of Young Seedlings

作　　者：花晓梅[1] 刘国龙[1] 张效林[1] 余良富[1] 曾平生[1] 黄冬青[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国北京林业科学研究院林业研究所,中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业实验中心

出　　处：《林业科学研究》1995年第5期535-543,共9页Forest Research

基　　金："八五"国家科技攻关

摘　　要：根据苗木根系分泌物能促进菌根真菌萌发和生长的原理，结合我国林业育苗的特点，提出了松树幼苗截根与人工接种菌根真菌结合的育苗方式。结果表明，截根菌根化育苗在促进根系发育和菌根形成，加速苗木生长，提高苗木生物量、苗木质量和产苗量等方面都有显著优势，苗木的侧根数、侧根总长、苗木菌根化率、吸收根菌根化率、苗高、地径、鲜重、干重分别提高２０．０％～９６０．０％、５６．２％～３８９．５％、０．０％～４００．０％、５６．２％～１７９２．０％、２２．３％～１７９．３％、３１．２％～２５３．８％、３３．３％～９１８．２％和２１．８％～７４０．０％，苗木成活率和Ⅰ级苗分别提高９．０％～２２．１％和４９．３％～１５０．０％，Ⅱ、Ⅲ级苗和等外苗分别降低４０．６％～７７．３％、６１．６％～８８．５％和８２．５％～１００．０％。利用截根菌根化苗木造林，提高成活保存率５．５％～４６．０％，并促进幼树生长，树高、地径和材积指数分别增加１３．０％～５６．４％、２５．５％～６１．７％和８７．８％～４５０．０％。效益分析证明，截根菌根化育苗具有明显的经济效益和社会效益，仅苗期可定量计算的增收（节支）总额可达４４６６２元／ｈｍ２。Based on the principle that the exudation from root can stimulate the germi- nation and growth of the mycorrhizal fungus,the method of growing pine seedlings by cut- ting their apexes off and inoculating with mycorrhizal fungus is proposed.The results show that the pine seedlings developed in this way can promote the development and growth of root system and ectomycorrhizae formation,increase the biomass of seedling and improve the quality and yield of plantable seedlings. The number and total length of lateral root,percent of seedlings with ectomycorrhizae,percent of feeding roots with ectomycorrhizae,height,root collar diarneter,fresh and dry weight increased,on the average,by 20.0%～960.O%,56.2%～389.5%,0.0%～400.0%, 56.2%～1792.0%,22.3%～179.3%,31.2%～ 253.3%,33.3%～918.2%and 21.8%～740.0%respectively,and with the survival rate of seedlings and percent of the first grade seedlings increased by 9.0%～22.1%and 49.3%～ 150.0%respectively and percent of the second, third grade, and cull seedlings decreased by 40.6%～77.3%,61.6%～88.5%and 82.5%～100.0%respectively. The survival rate,height,root collar diameter and volume index of the seedling increased,on the average,by 5.5%～ 46.0%,13.0%～56.4%,25.5%～61.7%and 87.8%～450.0%respectively. The benefit analysis confirms that the use of this method has significant economic and social bene- fits,with a countable value of$44 662 5 yuan/hm2 in nursery alone.

关 键 词：松树 截根苗 菌根化 育苗 

分 类 号：S791.240.5[农业科学—林木遗传育种]