海岛棉与澳洲棉、黄褐棉种间杂种F_1的细胞学研究  

Cytology of F1 Hybrids of Gossypium barbadense with G. australeand G.mustelinum

作　　者：周宝良[1] 黄骏麒[1] 沈新莲[1] 彭跃进[1] 顾立美 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农科院经济作物研究所

出　　处：《棉花学报》1995年第4期209-212,共4页Cotton Science

摘　　要：本文研究了四倍体栽培种海岛棉与二倍体野生种澳洲棉、四倍体野生种黄褐棉种间杂种Ｆ１的主要形态特征及Ｆ１花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ的粱色体行为。结果，（海岛棉４１６×澳洲棉）Ｆ１有的性状趋向澳洲棉，如茎、叶的茸毛、花冠颜色、花的开放形式；有的象海岛棉，如叶形、叶色、花药和花粉之颜色；有的则为中间型，如苞叶形状、铃形等。（海岛棉７１２４×黄褐棉）Ｆ１趋向父本黄褐棉的性状有：腺体较多，茎秆、叶片暗绿色，有茸毛，叶片掌状。短日照性强；表现中间型的性状有：花瓣黄色，有红心。两个组合Ｆ１的花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ的配对构型分别为３１．４Ⅰ＋３．９０Ⅱ＋０．０２Ⅲ＋０．０２Ⅳ和０．２４Ⅰ＋２５．７１Ⅱ＋０．０９８ｔⅠ″＋０．０３９Ⅳ，这一结果表明，海岛棉与澳洲棉的亲缘关系较远，与黄褐棉的亲缘关系较近，但海岛棉与黄褐棉的染色体间已有所分化，可能存在染色体结构上的差异。Interspecific F1 hybrids of G. barbadense[2n=4x=52,(AD)2]×G. australe(2n=2x=26,C3)and G. barbadense×G. mustelinum[2n=4x=52,(AD)4]were analysed fortheir chromosome behavior in the meiosis of pollen mother cells and observed on the inher-itance of some morphological characters of F1 at the flowering stage. The results showedthat the interspecific F1 hybrid of (AD)2 ×C3(2n= 3x=39) had obvious transgressive in-heritance and the most of characters showed intermediate type, such as bract, boll and soon. All these, the hair on the stem and the leaf, the color and the appearence of the flow-ers, were similar to G. australe, the shape of leaf, the color of leaf, anther and the pollento G. barbadense. Chromosome configuration at metaphase Ⅰis 2n= 3x =39= 31. 14 Ⅰ+3.90 Ⅱ+ 0.02Ⅲ+0.02Ⅳ. The studies also indicated that the yellow petal with red spotshowed intermediate type in the F1 of(AD)2 × (AD)4(2n=4x= 52) and the plant withglands. pubescence and photoperiod sensitivity were similar to its male parent. The chro-mosome pairing at M I in meiosis is 2n = 4x = 52=0.24Ⅰ+ 25.71Ⅱ+0.098t Ⅰ″+O.039 Ⅳ. Based on the results , it is concluded that G.barbadence were more closely relatedto G. mustelinum than to G. australe and the utilization of G. mustelinum may be easier fordeveloping new varieties than G. australe.

关 键 词：棉花 细胞学 种间杂交 海岛棉 澳洲棉 

分 类 号：S562.035.1[农业科学—作物学]