木霉（TR－5）对病原真菌的拮抗机制和防病效果研究  

STUDIES ON ANTAGONISM OF TRICODERMA SP. AGAINST SIX PATHOGENIC FUNGA AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL

作　　者：薛宝娣[1] 李娟[1] 陈永萱 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学农业与生命科学学院

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》1995年第1期31-36,共6页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

摘　　要：从土壤中分离获得一株木霉（Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｄｅｒｍａｓｐ．）菌株（ＴＲ－５），用对峙法和系列稀释法测定其对立枯丝核菌（Ｒｈｉｚｏｃｔｏｎｉａｓｏｌａｎｉ），禾谷丝核菌（Ｒｈｉｚｏｃｔｏｎｉａｃｅｒｅａｌｉｓ），西瓜枯萎病菌（Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍｏｘｙｓｐｏｒｕｍ∫ｎｉｖｅｕｍ），油菜菌核病菌（Ｓｃｌｅｒｏｔｉｎｉａｓｃｌｅｒｏｔｉｏｒｕｍ），昆明腐霉（Ｐｙｈｔｉｕｍｋｕｎｍｉｎｇｅｎｓ）和寄生疫霉（ＰｈｙｔｏｐｈｔｈｏｒａＰａｒａｓｉｔｉｃａ）的拮抗作问。结果表明，ＴＲ－５菌株对６种病原真菌都具有极强的拮抗作用，主要表现为缠绕、附着在病原真菌菌丝上，同时产生吸器侵入病原真菌的菌丝，使菌丝断裂。还能分泌有毒或抗生物质抑制其生长，并具有很强的生长竞争能力。ＴＲ－５菌株对立枯丝核菌，禾谷丝核菌和西瓜枯萎病菌的有效抑制浓度为１０６～１０７个孢子／ｍｌ；对油菜菌核病菌和昆明腐霉菌为１０４～１０５个孢子／ｍｌ；而对寄生疫霉为１０５～１０６个孢子／ｍｌ。用ＴＲ－５木霉的分生孢子制剂在温室条件下对黄瓜猝倒病（Ｐｙｔｈｉｕｍａｐｈａｎｉｄｅｒｍａｔｕｍ）和黄瓜疫病（Ｐｈｙｔｏｐｈｔｈｏｒａｄｒｅｃｈｓｌｅｒｉ）进行防治试验，效果分别?Isolate TR-5 of Tricoderma sp. isolsted from soil has shown the antigonistic action against the pathogens of Rhizoctonia solani ,Rhizoctonia cereals,Fusarium oxysporum ∫.nivrum,Sclerotinia sclerotivrum Pythium kunmingens and Phytophthora parasitica in solid culture medium. Antagonistic action showed perasitism and competition between isolate TR-5 and the above pathogens. Effective inhibitory concentrations of isolste TR-5 against Rhizoctonia solani,Rhizoctonia cereals and,Fusarium oxysporium ∫ .niveum were 106- 107/ml conidia;against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Pythium kunmingens were 104-105/ml:and against Phytophthora parasititca was 105- 106/ml conidia. Isolate TR-5 of Tricoderma sp. was used as a biocontrol agent against cucumber damping off caned by Pythium aphanidermatum and Phytophthora drechsleri in the greenhouse experiment,and their effects of control were 88. 21 % and 94. 45% respectively. At the same time,an obvious stimulation of plants growth was obtained.

关 键 词：木霉菌 拮抗作用 黄瓜 疫病 生物防治 

分 类 号：S432.44[农业科学—植物病理学] S476.19[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]