蔺草的花部、种子和种苗形态解剖  

The Morphology and Anatomy of Flower,Seed and Seedling in Juncus Effusus L.VAR.Decipiens Buchen, F. Utilis Makino

作　　者：陈维培[1] 张四美[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学生物系

出　　处：《南京师大学报（自然科学版）》1995年第4期97-101,共5页Journal of Nanjing Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：江苏省教育委员会自然科学基金

摘　　要：花集成顶上或侧生聚伞花序，每朵花具６枚花被片，排成２轮，花被近轴面靠近表皮处特殊增厚，雄蕊群由３枚雄蕊组成，花粉结合成四分体块状，有时可见到败育的花粉粒，子房为３室或单室，具侧膜胎座或中轴胎座，内含胚珠４０～１粒．果为蒴果，外果皮在成熟时木质化．种子小，胚被包于胚乳之内，成熟种子的外种皮凝胶化，中种皮则木质化．种苗直立，具６张对，叶片长于叶鞘，第１张叶呈针状，其上带有种皮，苗端结构与茎端者相似．结籽粒低和萌发率低可能是由于以下原因：１．部分花粉粒败育；２．胚囊的解体；３．种子需要一个较长的后熟期．The flowers are aggregated in terminal or lateral cymes, each flower posesses six perianths, they are arranged into two wholes, a special type of wall thickening is taking place on the adaxal surface near the epidermis of the perianth. The androecium consists of three stamens, their pollens are in tetrads, somes times the rudimentary pollens are present.Ovary is trilocular or uniocular, with parietal or axile placentation, which contains ovules from forty to one. The fruit is a capsule, its exocarp has been lignified at maturity. Seed is small, embryo is embedded in endosperm. In the mature seed the cells of outer seed coat has became gelatinized, while the middle layer is lignified. The seedling is erect, with six leaves,its blade is longer than the sheath, the first leaf is needle-like with seed coat. The structure of the shoot apex is resemblance that the apex of the stem. The lower percentage average ofseed-set and germinating may cause by following factors:①Some pollens are rudiment. ②Embryo sac has been disorganized. ③The seed necessitates a long time for afteripening.

关 键 词：灯芯草科 形态 种子 苗 蔺草 花部 

分 类 号：Q949.718.2[生物学—植物学]