重组耐铵固氮菌株的田间长期定点释放试验  

The Long-term Planned Release of the Ammonium-tolerant Genetic Engineered Diazotroph Alcaligenes faecalis

作　　者：林敏[1] 王耀东[1] 尤崇杓 刘永正 黄海祥 许崇任[1] 张尚通 冯九 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院原子能利用研究所,浙江省嘉兴市农业科学研究所,北京大学生命科学院

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》1995年第1期88-92,共5页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：国家863项目资助课题

摘　　要：以广泛分布于我国南方水稻田的固氮粪产碱菌（Ａｌｃａｌｉｇｅｎｅｓｆａｅｃａｌｉｓ）为起始菌株，通过遗传重组手段构建了耐铵菌株Ａ１５１３和Ａ１５２３，田间累计释放面积已达万公顷以上。接种重组耐铵固氮菌株的增产幅度及田间固氮率（Ｎｄｆａ％）均高于野生型。长期定点释放试验证明：在不施肥条件下，长期施用固氮菌剂不影响土壤肥力，对土著微生物群落的生态平衡也不构成威胁。重组子所携带的抗性基因在自然条件下不能扩散，并在无选择压力下逐渐丢失。根据粪产碱菌的特性、体外重组步骤以及定点释放试验结果来看。Two ammonium-tolerant strains A. faecalis A1513 and A1523 had been constructed withgenetic manipulation. Field release of A1513 and A1523 had be carried out under control condition in Chi-na. The more significant increase of associative nitrogen fixation and grain yield of rice inoculated with am-monium-tolerant strains than wild type strain was observed.The long-term planned release did not effecton the soil N-fertility and ecological balance of native microorganism. It had also been proved that drug re-sistant genes such as Km￣r and Tc￣r did not transfer ramdonly from A1513 or A1523 to other rhizobacteria un-der natural condition and could lose without selective pressure. Based on the characteristics of Alcaligenesfeacalis wild type strain A1501, genetic manipulation and research results, it was concluded preliminarilythat field release of two ammonium-tolerant genetic engineered A1513 and A1523 is safe,but it should bestrictly planned and controlled through assessment of environmental risk.

关 键 词：重组 耐铵 固氮菌株 田间释放 环境风险性 

分 类 号：S154.381[农业科学—土壤学]