中国海洋潮汐40年来研究进展  

ADVANCES IN OCEAN TIDE RESEARCH OVER THE PAST 40 YEARS IN CHINA

作　　者：陈宗镛[1] 叶安乐[1] 左军成[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛海洋大学海洋系

出　　处：《青岛海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》1995年第4期435-444,共10页Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao

摘　　要：近４０年来我国海洋潮汐的研究获得显著进展。本文分别对潮汐的分析、推算，潮汐谱估计，平均海面，潮波理论和数值研究等方面进行阐述。潮汐分析、推算已有１００多个分潮的模型可供应用，交点订正系统除利用ｆ、ｕ的１１个公式外，还根据Ｗ．Ｈｏｒｎ的ｊ．ｖ模型，利用Ｄ．Ｅ．Ｃａｒｔｗｒｉｇｈｔ新的引潮势展开推出５９个ｊ、ｖ公式，后者理论上更为精确，它反映了近代天文学研究进展的成就。平均海面提出一种随机动态分析、预测模型，能比较可靠地求出平均海面长期变化趋势，并能对未来几年内作出月平均海面的预报。潮波理论结合中国海实际，研究潮汐摩擦规律及其效应，已能说明中国海主要分潮波系统的形成及其分布变化，潮波数值计算和模拟取得很大的发展，有些在建港和海洋开发利用中已经得到应用，是一种很有前途的研究方法。潮汐表的编算水平高、范围遍及各国主要海港，受到用户的欢迎。总起来说，我国海洋潮汐的研究工作，经４０年来的努力，从总体上说达到了国际水平，某些方面居领先地位。但整个潮汐的观测站网、仪器装备、监测水平和精度，仍有待改进提高。Duling thepast 40 years in China great progress has been made in ocean tide research.In this paper,the tide analysis,prediction,spectrum estimation,mean sea level and theoret ical and numerical studies oftldal waves etc. are discussed.More than 100 constituents'models can be applied in tide analysis and prediction, in nodlcal correction system, there are both the 11 formulas for f, u, and accordingic thew. Horn model derived the 59 formulas for j,v,the latter are more accurate theoretlially,and they reflect the progress of recent as tronomic researches,which is based upon the new computations of the tide-generating poten tial by D.E.Cartwright.There is a stochastic analysis and prediction model,which can reli ablly give out the long term trend of mean sea level variations,and the monthly mean sea level prediction in the future years.The theory of tide waves combined with the practice in the China Seas,has studied the tide friction principle and its effects,it can explain the for mation of the main constituent system and its distribution and variation in the China Seas.The numerical calculation and the simulation of tidal waves have made great progress,some of them have been applied to habor construction and ocean exploitation and applications.It is a kind of research method that has made great advances.The tide table is well comPlied,ca pable of predlcting the tides of the main harbours in the world.It is welcomed by users.Generally speaking,the ocean tide research work in our country has reached international standards as a whole,and is in the lead in some areas.Improvement is needed in the arrangement of stations instrumentation and measuringaccuracy.

关 键 词：海洋 潮汐 潮波 平均海面 

分 类 号：P731.23[天文地球—海洋科学]