新疆呼图壁绿洲外缘的盐节木（Halocnemum strobilaceum）及其群落的生物生态学特征  

THE BIOECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HALOCNEMUM STROBILACEUM AND ITS COMMUNITY ON THE BORDER OF OASIS IN HUTUBI , XINJIANG

作　　者：孔令韶[1] 马茂华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所

出　　处：《生态学报》1995年第4期351-358,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金;北京中关村地区联合分析测试中心资助

摘　　要：盐节木株丛矮小，高约２０－４０ｃｍ；５月底至８月底净生长高度约３ｃｍ。侧根发达，主要分布在土壤由表层往下水分含量急增、多数情况下盐分逐步降低的２０－４０ｃｍ的土层内，几乎与地表平行伸展，有的长达３ｍ以上。盐节木群落为多汁盐柴类半灌木荒漠中的一个群系。本区记载有８个群丛，分布在地下水位１．０－１．７ｍ、表土层含盐量为４％－８％的盐土上。种类组成贫乏，群落结构简单，总覆盖度３０％－５０％，生物量１０００－２０００ｋｇ／ｈｍ￣２。群落中盐节木、有叶盐爪爪（Ｋａｌｉｄｉｕｍｆｏｌｉａｔｕｍ）具有很高的Ｎａ、Ｓ含量，分别在５００００ｍｇ／ｋｇ、１００００ｍｇ／ｋｇ以上；Ｎａ／Ｋ、Ｎａ／Ｃａ、Ｓ／Ｐ比值为８．５－２６．０，其它植物为１左右；植物中的Ｃａ／Ｍｇ比值为１．０－１．６。盐节木６种元素含量的季节变化，Ｎａ呈增高趋势；其变化曲线与Ｃａ、Ｍｇ相反；Ｎａ、Ｓ曲线相似。盐节木水提取液中具有高的Ｃｌ￣－、含量，ｐＨ为６．６６－６．８４。盐节木群落广泛分布在绿洲外缘的盐碱地上。在盐碱地改良、防止风沙、保护绿洲、牲畜冬春放牧等方面，具有重要的生态经济意义。alocnemum strobilaceum is a low and small clump with 20-40cm in height; its netgrowth height is about 3. 0cm from the end of May to the end of August. The well-developedlateral roots that distribute mainly in the soil layer about 20- 40cm in which the saline con-tent decreases gradually in most cases and moisture content increases dramatically are almostparallel with the earth's surface in some cases reach more than 3m in length.The community of Halocnemum strobilaceum is a formation on the temperate succulenthalophytic dwarf sub- shrub deser.In this area,eight associations,distributed over the salinesoil in which groundwater level is 1.0- 1. 7m and saline content of soil surface layer is 4%- 8%,are recorded. This simple community has 30%- 50%coverage and 1000-2000kg/ hm￣2total biomass. In this community, Halocnemum strobilaceum and Kalidium foliatum have very highcontent of Na and S(more than 50000mg/kg and 10000mg/kg respectively). the ratios of Na/K,Na/Ca and S/P are 8.5-26. 0 and about 1 in the other plant species. The ratio of Ca/Mgis 1.0-1.6. The seasonal changes of 6 elements in Halocnemum Strobilaceum indicate that Nhas a samilar change with S. but an opposite pattern with Ca and Mg. The high contents ofCl￣- and are found in the water extract from Halocnemum strobilaceum whose pH is6.66-6.84.The Halocnemum strobilaceum community distributes broadly over the saline-alkali soilon the border of oasis. It has ecological and economical significance to ameliorate saline-alkalisoil,to prevent wind-break,to fix sand movement,and to protect oasis from pasturing in win-ter and spring.

关 键 词：盐节木 生物生态学特性 群落 新疆呼图壁 

分 类 号：Q949.745.1[生物学—植物学]