温度对中国卤虫（Artemia sinica）种群的影响  

EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON THE POPULATION OF ARTEMIA SINICA

作　　者：贾沁贤[1] 庄玲[1] 周望舒 杨孟科 

机构地区：[1]青岛海洋大学水产学院,山西省水产科学研究所

出　　处：《生态学报》1995年第3期312-318,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：农业部资助

摘　　要：本文采用生命表和数值模型分析等方法，对中国卤虫（Ａｒｔｅｍｉａｓｉｎｉｃａ）的温度特性做了研究。１．孵化发育起始温度９．０７℃，幼虫发育起始温度９．０７℃。有效积温（℃·ｄ）前者为０．９２１±０．９７９，后者为２０５．２６±２４．１，平均世代有效积温４５８．４±３９．６。２．各项生命表参数均与温度呈显著的函数关系，其适温范围基本介于１８─３４℃，最适点介于２６．５─２８．５℃，种群增长倍数＞２的温度范围在１８─３４℃。３．在山西盐池水域，该卤虫的年世代数为６．２±０．６２个世代、第２─５个世代是种群生产力高峰期。在此期间种群的加倍时间＜１５ｄ．内禀增长率＞０．０４ｄ￣（－１）。he effects of temperature on the population of A. sinca have been studied in the watersof the Yanchi Lake, Shanxi. It was found that the adaptive temperature for its developmentranged from 11─38℃. The threshold temperature of development(TD)and the effective ac- cumulative temperatureTA) for hatching were 9. 07℃ and 0. 921±0.979℃·d,respectivi-ly. The TD and TA for the larva were 11.0℃ and 205. 26±24.1℃·d,respectively,and theaverage TA for a whole generation was 458.4±36.6℃·d. Using the methods of the lifetable and the analysis of numerical model, the population net reproduction rate (Ro),the in-trinsic rate of natural increase(r_m),the mean generation time(T), the finite rate of increase(λ) and the days for population to double (t) of A. sinica were determined over temperatureranging from 16─34. The results show that the optimum temperature(℃ ) for Ro,r_m λandt were 26.5,28. 4 and 28.5,respectively. The maximum values of Ro,r_m and λ were 12.2537individuals,0. 0844246/d and 1.08796/d,respectively.The minimum value of t was 7. 28 d.In the temperature range of 17.8─34℃,the value of T was in a range of 50. 41─16. 37d. Based on the 1986─1987 data on the water temperature in the Yanchi Lake, ShanxiProvince,it is estimated that the number of generation of A. sinica was 6. 2±0. 26 in a year. During a period from the second generation to the fifth generation,there was a relatively highproductivity of the population. In this case,doubling the population would take less than 15,the intrinsic rate of natural increase was over 0. 04/d and the value of resource exploitationwould be maximum in an annual period.

关 键 词：卤虫 温度 种群 

分 类 号：Q958.112.4[生物学—动物学]