南极长城站地区土壤微生物生态作用的初步探讨  

Preliminary approach on the soil microbial ecological effect in the Great Wall Station area, Antarctic

作　　者：肖昌松[1] 刘大力[1] 周培瑾[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院微生物研究所

出　　处：《生物多样性》1995年第3期134-138,共5页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家"八五"南极重点地区陆地生态系统研究项目;国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：从南极长城站附近联合采样１３个，并进行了土壤微生物的数量统计与种类鉴定。氨化细菌的菌量为１０４～１０６ｃｅｌｌｓ／ｇ，共７个属：微球菌属（Ｍｉｃｒｏｃｏｃｃｕｓ），葡萄球菌属（Ｓｔａｐｈｙｌｏｃｏｃｃｕｓ），假单胞菌属（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ），芽孢杆菌属（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ），产碱菌属（Ａｌｃａｌｉｇｅｎｅｓ），黄杆菌属（Ｆｌａｖｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ），节杆菌属（Ａｒｔｈｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒ）；固氮细菌菌量为１０５～１０７ｃｅｌｌｓ／ｇ，仅一个固氮菌属（Ａｚｏｔｏｂａｃｔｅｒ）；硝化细菌一般为１０４ｃｅｌｌｓ／ｇ，分属两个属：硝化杆菌属（Ｎｉｔｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒ），硝化球菌属（Ｎｉｔｒｏｃｏｃｃｕｓ）；真菌为１０３ｃｅｌｌｓ／ｇ，分属５个属：青霉菌属（Ｐｅｎｉｃｉｌｌｉｕｍ），金孢霉菌属（Ｃｈｒｙｓｏｓｐｏｒｉｕｍ），枝孢霉菌属（Ｃｌａｄｏｓｐｏｒｉｕｍ），曲霉菌属（Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ），散羹菌属（Ｅｕｒｏｔｉｕｍ），反硝化菌为１０２～１０４ｃｅｌｌｓ／ｇ，分属３个属：假单胞菌属（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ），微球菌属（Ｍｉｃｒｏｃｏｃｃｕｓ），芽孢杆菌属（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ）；放线菌分属３个属：链霉菌属（Ｓｔｒｅ?Soil microbes collected from Great Wall Station area in Antarctica were studied. Results showed thatthe total number of ammonification bacteria was 104- 106 cells/per gram of soil. Ammonification bacteria belong to 7 genera, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Alcaligenes, Flavobacterium,Arthrobacter. The total number of nitrogen-fixing bacteria was 105￣ 107 cells/g,which included only Azotobacter. The total number of nitrobacteria was 104 cells/g,and this nitrobacteria included Nitrobacterand Nitrococcus. The total number of fungi was 103 cells/g, such fungi belong to 5 genera,Penicillium,Chrysosporium, Cladosporium, Aspergillus and Eurotium. The total number of denitrifying bacteria was102￣ 104 cells/g, This bacteria were Pseudomonas,Bacillus and MI'crococcus. Actinomycete were also identified Streptomyces, Micromonospora and Nocardia. The appearing rate of psychrophilic microbes(growing below 12℃ ) are 42% for Pseudomonas, 35% for Bacillus, 31%for Micrococcus, 27% forArthrobacter, 58% for Penicillium, 54% for Cladosporium, 81 % for Nitrobacter and 88% for Azotobacter; denitrifying bacteria are 58% for Pseudomonas and 38% for Bacillus. The relationship between soilmicrobes and total C and N of soil samples, and the ecological effect of soil microbes participating nitrogen cycle in this area were also discussed.

关 键 词：土壤微生物 南极 长城站 生态作用 

分 类 号：S154.36[农业科学—土壤学]