临床常见致病菌的耐药性监测  

SURVEY OF BACTERIAL RESISTANCE

作　　者：朱德妹[1] 汪复[1] 吴培澄[1] 刘陈谊 朱悦心 

机构地区：[1]上海医科大学抗生素研究所

出　　处：《中国抗生素杂志》1989年第6期415-419,共5页Chinese Journal of Antibiotics

摘　　要：本文报道我所采用Kirby-Bauer(KB)琼脂弥散法测定1986年4月～1987年3月期间华山医院临床分离菌1014株对24种抗菌药物的耐药性。结果显示上述菌株对青霉素G、四环素、红霉素、氯霉素等常用抗生素仍具有较高的耐药水平和稳定的耐药性,部份菌株对头孢呋新、头孢噻肟、Ceftazidime、妥布拉霉素和丁胺卡那霉素等一些较新的抗生素也出现耐药性。此外,在各种细菌中多重耐药菌株普遍存在,细菌的耐药率和耐药程度有逐年增高的趋势。在所测试的24种抗生素中以万古霉素对革蓝氏阳性球菌的活性最强,几乎无耐药菌株;丁胺卡那霉素和头孢噻肟、Ceftazidime对革蓝氏阴性菌的抗菌活性最强,偶有少数耐药菌株出现。作者强调在医院中开展细菌耐药性监测工作的重要性。KB方法简便易行,重复性好,判断耐药与敏感菌的界限清楚,适用于临床上开展细菌耐药性监测工作。A surrey of bacterial resistance of a total 1041 clinical isolates collected in Hua Shan Hospital from April 1986 to March 1987 was carried out by Kir-by-Bauer method, 24 different antibiotics disks and agar diffusion method were used for bacterial susceptibility testing. Data showed that both the Gram positive and Gram negative were highly resistant to commonly used antibiotics,such as penicillin G, tetracycline, erythromycin and chloramphenicol etc. Resistance to some newer antibiotics were also observed in some of the clinical isolates. There were strains resistant to five or more antimicrobial agents in different bacterial species tested. The resistance rates and the degree of resistance have been increasing in comparison with those in the former years. Vancomycia was the most active antibiotic against the Gram positive cocci, no resistant strains were found; while amikacin, cefotaxime and ceft-azidime were the most active agents against Gram negative organisms. Our results suggest that there is urgent need for surveillance of bacterial resistance in different countries. Paper diffusion method is simple and easy, to do with reliable and reproductive results, it is most suitable for the surveillance of bacterial resistance in clinical microbiology laboratories.

关 键 词：抗药性 耐药率 抗生素 

分 类 号：R978.1[医药卫生—药品]