普氏原羚的历史分布与现状  

HISTORICAL AND CURRENT DISTRIBUTIONS OF PRZEWALSKI′S GAZELES

作　　者：蒋志刚[1] 冯祚建[1] 王祖望[1] 陈立伟[1] 蔡平 李永波 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所,青海省野生动物管理办公室

出　　处：《兽类学报》1995年第4期241-245,共5页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院择优支持留学基金和国家教委留学基金

摘　　要：普氏原羚是我国特有的珍稀动物，曾分布于内蒙古和青海。现仅生存于青海湖东北部及西部的鸟岛、察拉滩和小北湖一带，数量不足３００只，由于人类稠密地区的阻隔，位于青海湖西的种群与湖东北种群已无可能进行基因交流。由于种群小、易被偷猎、生境破碎和无采食场所等原因，它们已是我国，也很可能是世界上最濒危的有蹄类动物之一，必须立即采取保护措施，否则，普氏原羚有可能在近期内灭绝。Przewalski's Gazelle,Procapra przewalskii(Buchner),is a species only found incentral China, In 1875,Przewalski first collected the first specimenof the gazelle insouthern Ordos,Inner Mongolia. Historical distribution of the species covered InnerMongolia,Gangsu and eastern Qinghai.After 120 years,distribution of the speciesshrunk to Qinghai Lake(36°32′一37°15′N, 99°36′一100°47′E) area. The gazelles arenow isolated in three populations which live on the east,northwest shores of the lake,there is no chance of gene exchange between the east and northwest populations.In1986,there were about 350 Przewalski′s gazelles in the Qinghai Lake area.Daily cen-sus in 1992 counted 37 gazelles inside the Bird Island Protected Zone on the west shore,but the number down to 19 during our last survey at the end of 1994.However, also inthe Buha River delta,we counted 79 Przewalski′s gazella in 3 groups in the spring of1995.On the east shore, there used to be about 100 Przewalski,s gazelles in late 1980′s,where they lived on the margins of rangelands. However,the pastures have beenfragmented by game fences and the wild herbivores have been fenced out since October,1994.At the same time,the third population of about 70一80 survivors in the Chalatanarea is run after by poachers.All to gether the total number of Przewalski′s gazellesstill live at the three sites may be fewer than 200, they may be the only survivors of thespecies in the world. We do not know how long the species will survive.It may extinctbefore we can understand its evolutionary and genetic backgrounds.However,we areseeking all possible means to save the species,including in situ captive breeding and exsitu conservation.Judging by its habitat and numbers,the Przewalski′s Gazelle is themost critical endangered ungulate species in China,probably in the world.

关 键 词：普氏原羚 濒危物种 保护生物学 分布 羚羊 

分 类 号：S865.9[农业科学—野生动物驯养] Q959.842[农业科学—畜牧兽医]