生物玻璃的研究与发展  

Bioactive Glasses: Research and Applications

作　　者：钟吉品[1] Hench,LL 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所

出　　处：《无机材料学报》1995年第2期129-138,共10页Journal of Inorganic Materials

摘　　要：生物玻璃的研究已达二十多年，现已成为材料学、生物化学以及分子生物学的交叉学科．由于生物玻璃具有人体硬或软生命组织有机联结的特点，在骨科、牙科、中耳等方面，对人体的伤害部位可进行修护治疗以至康健，其前景可观．生物玻璃主要由Ｓｉ、Ｎａ、Ｃａ以及Ｐ的氧化物组成．被发现具有生物活性的玻璃已有一系列组成，并且对这些系列玻璃已积累了大量的模拟人体溶液实验数据．常用的模拟人体溶液有两种：其一是Ｔｒｉｓ缓冲液；其二是离子浓度与人体液体中含量相近的模拟人体溶液．理论研究发现，当生物玻璃浸在类人体溶液中时，其表面将发生五步系列反应以及在表面建立起双电层和负的Ｚｅｔａ电势，从而诱导含碳的羟磷灰石在生物玻璃表面的沉积和结晶，而羟磷灰石被公认在与硬或软体组织连接中起关键作用．除溶液实验外，生物玻璃在动物移植实验中实际地发现了与硬或软组织的有机联结．基于这些研究成果，已有生物玻璃产品出现在市场上．但是，生物玻璃在世界广泛的应用，给人类医疗健康带来又一突破性进展，将取决科学研究对无机材料怎样与有机体相联结的进一步了解，以及更为广泛的积累动物和人体的实验数据．Bioactive glasses have been studied over two decaaes using the sciences of materials, biology and biochemistry. The bioactive glasses form chemical bonds directly with living tissues(either hard or soft tissues) and their applications are promising in the repair and recoustruction of diseased or damaged Parts of human skeleton such as in prcotheses for dentistry and surgery etc. The bioactive glasses consist of silica,and sodium, calcium and phosphate oaldes in very specific ranges. The highly bioative glasses are used in the form of bulk implants, coatings and powders. A large amount of In-Vitro ted data for the bioative glasses have been collected using two major physiological solutions: tris(hydronymethyl aminomethane)baer and simulated body fluid (SBF). Theoretical studies in In-Vitro environments show that five surface reaction stages and the negstive zeta potential developed on the bioactive glasses surface induce the Precipitation and crystallization Of hydroxyapatite (HA) which is associated with the bonding to tissues.The actually bonding has been found in a number of In-Vivo tests. Because of these achievements, some of the bioactive glass products have alredy appeared in market, including implants to redore hearing,to replace teeth and powder to prevent tooth loss from gum disease. A good understanding of how the inorgedc materials bond with the living organics will bring a race revolution in worldwide use of these biomaterials to improve the quality of life.

关 键 词：生物玻璃 羟磷灰石 生物活性 

分 类 号：R318.08[医药卫生—生物医学工程] TQ171.74[医药卫生—基础医学]