黑麦花粉诱导小麦孤雌生殖及其利用的研究  

Studies on Wheat Parthenogenesis Induced by Rye Pollen and its Utilization in Breeding

作　　者：董安书[1] 陶少武[1] 王明岐 

机构地区：[1]西北农业大学农学系

出　　处：《西北农业大学学报》1995年第5期11-15,共5页Journal of Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry（Natural Science Edition)

摘　　要：［８４Ｇ＿６×７９（ｌＢ）８－８］Ｆ＿１去雄第７ｄ，用ＡＲ＿７７黑麦花粉重复授粉２次，结实８粒，诱导结实率４．４％，孤雌生殖一代获得纯合二倍体５株，纯合二倍体频率为２．７８％；孤雌生殖二代１８－３－１和１８－３－４两个株系的主要农艺性状表现整齐一致，其中１８－３－４植株较矮，抗病性较好，是一个早熟、大穗、大粒高抗条锈病的新品系。１９９３～１９９４年品比试验表明，该品系较小偃６号增产２５．３％，较陕麦２２９增产１８．１％。本文还对黑麦花粉诱导孤雌生殖的机理、诱导结实率和选择效率以及孤雌生殖二代的一致性进行了讨论。Seven days after emasculation,the[84G_6 × 79( 1B) 8一8]F_1 plants werepollenized twice with pollen of rye AR_7.With 8 grains of seeds and 4.4%of inducedseeds,5 homozygous diploid plants were derived from parthenogenesis progenies2.Thefrequency of the homozygous diploid was 2.7. The two plant lines, 18-3-1 and 18-3-4 in pa_2,were uniform in main agricuLtural features. The 18-3-4 plant line is dwarfer andhas better disease resistance ability than the 18-3-1.So it is a new wheat strain with pre-cocity,larger ear,bigger grain andhigher resistance to stripe rust.The varietaL trial in1993～1994 indicated that the p 18-3-4 strain yielded 25.3%more of output than Xiaoy-an No. 6 and 18.1%more than Shaanmai No. 229. The mechanism of the parthenogene-sis induced by rye pollen,the induced seed-setting percentage and selecting efficiency aswell as the uniformity of parthenogenesis generation 2were also discussed.

关 键 词：黑麦 花粉 小麦 育种 诱导 孤雌生殖 

分 类 号：S512.103.5[农业科学—作物学]