油菜增株控氮避病技术及应用  

A NEW TECHNIQUE OF INCREASING PLANTLNG DENSITY,CONTROLLING NITROGEN SUPPLY AND DECREASING DISEASE INCIDENCE AND ITS APPLICATION IN RAPE CULTIVATION

作　　者：敬甫松[1] 郭子荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川省绵阳市农业科学研究所

出　　处：《西南农业学报》1995年第3期31-40,共10页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：绵阳市科委;四川省农牧厅重点项目

摘　　要：１９８７～１９９２年在四川绵阳，用主推的甘蓝型油菜（ＢｒａｓｓｉｃａｎａｐｕｓＬ．）品种及８个可控农艺措施，研究多因子对油菜产量、粒壳比和菌核病株率的非线性交互关系。研究表明，栽培调控可以有效地统一公顷角果数，每角粒数和千粒重间的矛盾。提出了“库源平衡区”的概念并由此界定“丰产稳定区域”；提出了密氮配置对抑制菌核病的流行学效应及其作用过程的数、时、空模型。采用计算机仿真技术，筛选出并界定了技术参数。实施该技术，可增加产量１０％；降低菌核病的流行速率（ｒ）；减少该病造成的产量损失５．８％；节约氮素６０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２。显著地提高了比较效益和资源利用率。目前已推广２５．８６万公顷，是一新的高效、简易的技术体系。Studies were conducted on a new technique of rape(Brassica napus L.) cultivation from 1987 to 1992.The results showed that the cultivating measures could coordinate the pods/hm2,Seeds/pod and 1000 seed weight effectively.A new notion of 'sink-source balanced high yield region' was put forward. Inhibiting Sclerotinia scleroliorum epidemic effect by adjusting the planting densities and nitrogen application was reported,and a model that showing the changes of number-time-space of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum epidemilogy was set up.With this technique,the seeds yield could increase by 10%,the disease incidence could decrease by 10%;the yield loss reduced by 5.84%;60kg of pure nitrogen per hectare might be saved.UP to now,this new technique has been used succeessfully in an area over 258600 hectares.

关 键 词：油菜 丰产稳定区域 高效技术参数 栽培 氮肥 

分 类 号：S565.404[农业科学—作物学]