云南高原高产籼稻光合作用特性  

STUDY ON THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC TRAITS OF INDICA RICE ON YUNNAN PLATEAU

作　　者：程在全[1] 宋令荣[1] 周能[1] 杨学芬 郑学玉 解明洲 

机构地区：[1]云南省农科院生物技术研究所,云南省宾川县农业局

出　　处：《西南农业学报》1995年第4期5-10,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家‘八五’攻关项目

摘　　要：云南海拔１２００～１４５０ｍ部分地区单季籼稻产量在１２～１５吨／ｈｍ２的高产和超高产范围，光合作用及温光条件分析表明，太阳光照强度高达１８５０μｍｏｌｐｈｏ－ｔｏｎｓｍ－２ｓ－１，生长季节前期温度、太阳辐射值较高，而中后期偏低。无明显光饱和点，但光补偿点较高（３０～６０μｍｏｌｐｈｏｔｏｎｓｍ－２ｓ－１，每日最大光合速率高且光合高值特续＿时间长，这与每电光照强度、相对湿度等因素较长时间的充足有关．阴雨天光合的光量于效率比晴天高１倍，补偿了中后期日照时数不足。因光照强度大、整个群体叶片光合能力提高，倒２、３叶对籽粒灌浆的贡献比例增大，而旗叶的变小。温度日较差大．呼吸速率仅１～２μｍｏｌＣｏ２ｍ－２ｓ－１，降低了维持生长的消耗。这些光合特点是云南高原籼稻高产的生理基础。On Yunnan Platesu (1200-1450m altitude) .lndica rice has high or super high yield (12～15 tons/ha ).The experiment (comparised with other non-plateau countryside)showed that during the growth season,the maximum photon flux density was very high (1800μ mol m-2s-1),temperature and solar radiation were high during growth Period snd lower during middle and late growth stage. There is no outstanding light saturation point but light compensation Point for photosynthesis was high. The max. photosynthetic rate (Pn )was high and the Period for high Pn Per day was long,because of strong light intensity and suitable RH of air. The photon efficiency for photosynthesis in cloudy day was 2 times as in sunny day,it supplements the shortage of solar hours during middle and late growth season. As the high light intensity,the photosynthesis of all green leaves in rice community increased. The contribution to seed filling of flag leaf decreased but those of the 2nd and 3 rd leaves from the top increased. Both night temperature (13～19℃ )and the rate of respiration (1～2μmolCO2m-2s-1 )were low. All these rice photosynthetic traits resulted in high or super high rice grain yield on Yunnan Plateau.

关 键 词：籼稻 光合作用 光照强度 云南高原 水稻 

分 类 号：S511.210.1[农业科学—作物学]