旱涝胁迫条件下稗草对大豆植株含氮量及蛋白质产量的影响  

EFFECTS OF BARNYARDGRASS ON NITROGEN CONTENT, NITROGEN QUOTA IN ABOVE-GROUND PLANT ORGANS AND SEED PROTEIN YIELD OF SOYBEANS UNDER DIFFERENT WATER STRESS CONDITIONS

作　　者：由振国[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京农业大学农学系,北京100094

出　　处：《植物保护学报》1995年第4期355-360,共6页Journal of Plant Protection

摘　　要：稗草生长明显降低了大豆籽粒蛋白质产量及氮素向其籽粒中的分配比例,而显著提高了大豆茎、叶、籽含氮量及氮素向其茎、叶中的分配比例。这种影响在座荚期渍涝+鼓粒期干旱条件下最为突出;稗草对大豆籽粒蛋白质生产的危害在幼苗期—开花期的渍涝条件下显著减轻,而在任一时期的干旱条件下均明显加重,且在座荚期的渍涝处理中比在幼苗期—开花期的渍涝处理中大。不同时期、不同旱涝胁迫处理对大豆籽粒蛋白质产量的降低程度不同,其中旱害远大于涝害,后期旱害大于前期旱害,先涝后旱的危害大于先旱后涝的危害,旱涝结合的危害大于只旱或只涝的危害;开花期大豆最不耐涝,鼓粒期最不耐旱。Barnyardgrass(Echinochloa crus-galli) interference significantly reduced the seed protein yield and the nitrogen quota in seeds of soybeans, but markedly increased the nitrogen content in its leaves, stems and seeds as well as the nitrogen quota in its leaves and stems. This effect was most prominent under the water stress combination 'First waterlogging' during the pod setting stage and then drought during the pod filling stage. Moreover, the protein-yield-reducing effects of barnyardgrass was significantly weaked under the waterlogging condition during the seedling and flowing growth stages, but markedly enhanced under the drought condition during all growth stages. Meanwhile, more soybean protein yield was reduced under the waterlogging stress during the soybean pod setting stage than under the waterlogging stress condition during the soybean seedling and flowing stage. Both drought and waterlogging decreased the seed protein yield of soybeans. Among them,the drought injury was much greater than that of waterlogging injury, the later drought injury was much greater than that of earlier one, the injury of the water stress treatment 'First waterlogging and then drought' was greater than that of the opposite treatment 'First drought and then waterlogging', and the injury of water stress combination 'Waterlogging+drought'was greater than that of a single drought or waterlogging. Soybean plants showed to be least tolerant to waterlogging during the flowering stage and least tolerant to drought during pod filling stage.

关 键 词：稗草 大豆 水分胁迫 氮 蛋白质 产量 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]