苹果链格孢菌侵染对感病苹果品种叶细胞超微结构的影响  

ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES ON LEAF CELLS OF SUSCEPTIBLE APPLE INOCULATED WITH CONIDIA OF ALTERNARIA MALI ROBERTS

作　　者：陆敏[1] 吴明勤 王金友[3] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学实验中心,大连116022 [2]大连市植物保护站,大连116000 [3]中国农科院果树所,兴城121600

出　　处：《植物病理学报》1995年第1期47-50,共4页Acta Phytopathologica Sinica

摘　　要：将Alternaria mali分生孢子接种在苹果元帅品种叶片的下表皮,保湿培养3～24h,观察细胞超微结构,接种后3h,表皮及叶肉细胞的质膜发生内陷,出现囊泡、暗染色颗粒及管状结构;叶绿体膜结构解体,电子致密物质沉积,基粒排列混乱松散,外膜破裂等。接种后24h,叶片表面出现病斑,细胞质浓缩,细咆壁出现颗粒物,细咆变形。病健组织交界处,叶绿体基质浓缩,出现脂质球。同时还观察到,距离病斑2mm处,许多叶肉细胞中出现密度均匀、形状不规则的物质,小叶脉木质部中出现电子致密物质沉积。Conidia of Alternaria mali were placed on lower surface of susceptible leaves of apple, and inoculated at 28C for 3hr up to 24hr. After 3hr of inoculation,ultrastructural changes of plasma membrane appeared as the earliest event in epidermal and mesophyll cells,plasma membrane was separated from cell wall and invaginated into protoplasm. Then, the vesicles,granular and tubule structures appeared between the cell wall and plasma membrane. In chloroplasts, electron-dense materials deposited, granum loosed and arranged confusedly, chloroplast membrane was broken. After 24hr of inoculation,the leaf surface appeared necrosis ,and the ultrastructure of necrotic cells were severely damaged. The cytoplasm concentrated,in which electron density increased,and cellular membranes presented negative images. The granules appeared around outside of cell wall. In chloroplasts of boundary cells between diseased and healthy areas, matrix concentrated and numbers of plastoglobulus accumulated. In the cells 2mm away from the necrotic area,the ultrastructural changes were also observed as follows. Some materials with irregular shape and even density were presented in many mesophyll cells and the electron-dense materials were deposited in the xylem cells.

关 键 词：苹果 斑点落叶病 质膜 叶绿体 超微结构 链格孢 

分 类 号：S436.611.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]