莜麦与玉米的远缘杂交  

NAKED OAT × MAIZE HYBRIDIZATION

作　　者：孙敬三[1] 路铁刚[1] 王景林[2] 孙秀华[2] 杨才 王秀英 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所,北京100044 [2]首都师范大学生物系,北京100037 [3]河北省张家口地区坝上农业科学研究所,张北县076450

出　　处：《Acta Botanica Sinica》1995年第4期255-258,共4页Acta Botanica Sinica（植物学报：英文版）

摘　　要：莜麦（Ａｖｅｎａ ｎｕｄａ Ｌ．）和玉米（Ｚｅａ ｍ ａｙｓＬ．）杂交有一定的受精率和成胚率。人工传粉后玉米花粉能很快在莜麦柱头上萌发并长入莜麦花柱中，在６８％ 的莜麦花柱中可观察到不只一条玉米花粉管。对授粉后的１６３ 个莜麦子房进行制片观察，发现受精率可达１１．０４％ ，其中只形成胚而无胚乳的卵细胞单受精占３．０７％ ，只形成胚乳而无胚的中央细胞单受精占１．８４％ ，既形成胚又形成胚乳的双受精占６．１３％ 。从授过玉米花粉的大约２２００ 朵莜麦小花中收获１８ 粒种子，对１２ 株实生苗根尖染色体计数表明，其中９ 株为单倍体（２ｎ＝ ２１），３ 株为二倍体（２ｎ＝ ４２）。结果证明。There is a certain frequency of fertilization and embryo productivity in naked oat (Avena nuda L.) × maize (Zea mays L.) crosses. The maize pollen readily germinated on the naked oat stigma and more than one pollen tubes grew into the style in about 68% of florets. In a sample of 163 florets fixed after pollination, 5 (3 07%) had only an embryo, 3 (1 84%) had only an endosperm and 10 (6 13%) had both. Overall, 9 haploid and 3 diploid naked oat plants were obtained from 12 seeds which formed following application of maize pollen to about 2200 emasculated naked oat florets. Preliminary studies indicated that elimination of the maize chromosomes occurred early in the embryo and endosperm development. This method gives a new approach for obtaining haploid naked oat.

关 键 词：莜麦 玉米 远缘杂交 

分 类 号：S513.035.1[农业科学—作物学] S512.603.5