花生荚果钙素吸收机制研究  

STUDY ON MECHANISM OF CALCIUM ABSORPTIONOF PEANUT PODS

作　　者：周卫[1] 林葆[1] 李京淑[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,100081 [2]中国农业科学院原子能利用研究所,100094

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》1995年第1期44-51,共8页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

摘　　要：采用^(45)Ca微观放射自显影、电子探针及特异性抑制剂研究花生荚果钙素吸收机制,结果表明,Ca^(2+)是通过主动吸收由外界进入细胞质中,并以共质体途径在组织和细胞间运输,外果皮的周皮层和中果皮的纤维细胞层对Ca^(2+)质外体运输有一定阻碍作用。钙通道抑制剂与ATP酶特异性抑制剂处理,中果皮和内果皮的薄壁细胞内未见^(45)Ca显影,大量^(45)Ca出现在周皮层,仅微量的^(45)Ca到达中果皮细胞间隙和纤维细胞层质外体空间。电子探针的结果也可看出高钙峰出现在周皮层,而对照处理荚果整个组织的共质体和质外体均有^(45)a的显影,且由外果皮向内,组织中的钙呈逆浓度梯度分布。2,4—二硝基酸可抑制荚果钙素吸收速率,其抑制率达70—92％。荚果钙素吸收动力学的结果表明,当Ca^(2+)浓度为0-0.5mmol/L时,其吸收速率符合Michaelis-Menten酶动力学模型,Km值为0.0135mmol/L,Fmax为132×10^(-4)μ mol/(cm^2h);而当Ca^(2+)浓度为1-5mmol/L范围时,其表现出复杂的吸收特征,此时Km和Fmax均无法得出明确的数值;供钙浓度为0.5-2.0mmol/L时,荚果干重及果仁干重与吸钙量均可达到最大并趋于稳定。The results from the experiment where special inhibitors were used to study the calcium absorption of peanut pods by 45Ca micro-autoradiography and electron X-ray microanalysis showed that calcium was actively absorbped by plasmalemma and entered cytoplasm through ptasmodesmate. Periderm in exocarp and fibroblast layer in mesocarp were the barriers of calcium diffusion in entire tissue, which was concluded from the following two facts: First, in the treatments of Nitrendipine and Sodium Vanadate, 45Ca was absent in cytoplasm of exocarp,mesocarp and endocarp, and deposited mainly in periderm of exocarp where the highest peak of calcium was observed through electron X-ray microanalysis, only a little of 45Ca was distributed in external space of cytoplasm of fibroblast layer in mesocarp. While in the control (CK), 45Ca was found everywhere in tissue and cytoplasm of pods, and the height of peak of Ca decreased from exocarp to testa. Secondly, Ca absorption could be inhibited by 2,4-DNP with an inhibition rate of about 70-90%. The results from study on dynamics of calcium absorption indicated that when Ca concentration ranged from 0-0.5mmolL-1, the relationship between Ca2+ absorption rate and Ca concentration in solution could be described by Michaelis-Menten dynamics Model, where Km was 0. 0135mmolL-1 and Fmax was 132×10-4μmol cm-2, h-1 but the feature of Ca absorption was too complex to simulate by above Model. From the study on the effect of Ca concentration on dry weight and Ca uptake of peanut pods, the results indicated that dry weight of pods and seeds, and Ca uptake of seeds reached the highest when Ca concentration ranged from 0.5 to 2.0 mmolL-1 and maintained stable even with higher Ca concentration.

关 键 词：花生 荚果 钙 吸收 动力学 

分 类 号：S565.201[农业科学—作物学] S565.206.2