我国北方农用氮肥造成地下水硝酸盐污染的调查  

INVESTIGATION OF NITRATE POLLUTION IN GROUND WATER DUE TO NITROGEN FERTILIZATION IN AGRICULTURE IN NORTH CHINA

作　　者：张维理[1] 田哲旭 张宁[1] 李晓齐 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,100081

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》1995年第2期80-87,共8页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

摘　　要：对我国北方14个县市的调查结果显示:北方一些地区的农村和小城镇由于农用氮肥的大量施用而引起的地下水、饮用水硝酸盐污染的问题已十分严重。在调查的69个地点中有半数以上超过饮用水硝酸盐含量的最大允许量(50毫克/升)。其中最高者达300毫克/升。对于氮肥使用状况的分析结果表明,我国北方地下水的硝酸盐污染主要与80年代以来化学氮肥用量的成倍增长有关。而随着今后化学氮肥用量的进一步增加,农用氮肥引起地下水、饮用水硝酸盐污染的情况将较目前更为严峻。在调查和分析的基础上本文还提出了解决这一问题的几点具体意见及措施。Results obtained from Investigation in 14 cities and counties in North China demonstrate that in countryside, small cities and towns of certain regions of North China nitrate pollution of ground water and drinking water due to nitrogen fertilization in agriculture has becoming a serious problem. At over half of the 69 investigated locations nitrate contents in ground water and drinking water exceed 50 mg/L, the allowable limit for nitrate content in drinking water. In some locations the nitrate content in ground water and drinking water reaches 300 mg/L. Analysis of nitrogen fertilizer development in China shows that doubled increase of nitrogen fertilizer application since eighties is one of the main responsible reasons for nitrate pollution of ground water in North China. Moreover, with the further raise of nitrogen fertilizer application in the next 30 years in China, the situation of nitrate pollution in ground water and drinking water will become more severe. Based on investigations and analysis.some concrete solutions for solving the problems have been suggested in the paper.

关 键 词：氮肥 地下水 硝酸盐含量 饮用水 水质污染 污染 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学] X523[农业科学—农业基础科学]