飞行员低高度迅速减压训练方法的效果和安全性研究  

Effectiveness and safety studies on the training program of rapid decompression at low altitude for pilot

作　　者：邓昌磊[1] 肖华军[2] 付丽珊[2] 陈娟[2] 刘晓鹏[2] 臧斌[2] 顾昭[2] 王桂友[2] 施维茹[2] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳军区空军后勤部卫生处 [2]空军航空医学研究所,北京100142

出　　处：《中华航空航天医学杂志》2010年第3期165-170,共6页Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine

摘　　要：目的 研究低高度迅速减压训练方法 的训练效果和安全性. 方法 以187名男性高性能战斗机飞行员为对象,采用序贯试验设计,随机分为减压供氧组(A组,93人)和减压不供氧组(B组,94人).每批次试验A组和B组各1人参加,首先低压舱以30～40 m/s速度上升至起爆高度2500 m,并停留1～3 min,待心率稳定后,进行减压准备.各项准备就绪后,开始减压,低压舱在0.48 s内迅速减压至5500 m高度.在此高度停留1～2 min后,低压舱以10～20 m/s速度下降至地面.下降过程中高度低于4000 m后停止供氧.试验过程中记录飞行员不同时期的血氧饱和度、ECG(标准肢体Ⅱ导联)和减压瞬间的肺内减压峰值.低压舱试验完成后进行胸部X线透视检查并填写调查问卷,问卷内容包括试验过程中的主观体验和对迅速减压训练效果的评价. 结果 A组血氧饱和度在供氧期间始终维持在99%左右,停止供氧后出现明显下降,然后,随着高度降低逐渐回升;B组血氧饱和度则与高度呈现明显负相关的变化.ECG分析显示:两组飞行员心率在减压前均持续上升,在减压即刻达到最大值,A组(87.87士15.97)次/min,B组(91.29±2.78)次/min,减压后则明显降低;肢体Ⅱ导联T波振幅在减压即刻,即心率最大时显著降低,A组(0.19±0.11)mV,B组(0.20士0.12)mV.肺内减压峰值为(139士11)mm H2O(1 mm H2O=9.8 Pa).全部飞行员减压试验后胸部X线透视检查未见异常.调查问卷结果 显示100%被调查人员认为该方法 能较真实模拟飞机增压座舱发生迅速减压的情景,并有效提高飞行员迅速判断是否发生迅速减压的能力. 结论 飞行员低高度迅速减压训练方法 具有明确的训练效果和肯定的安全性.Objective To study the effectiveness and safety of pilot's rapid decompression (RD)training at low altitude. Methods According to sequential design methods, 187 male high performance fighter pilots were selected for RD and divided as Group A (93 pilots) and B (94 pilots),that with and without oxygen supply respectively. Each traning was for 2 pilots who were respectively from Group A and B. Training started from the climb to 2500 m with the rate of 30-40 m/s and stayed there 1-3 minutes for stabilizing heart rate (HR). RD was executed to 5500 m within 0. 48 s and returned to ground level by the rate of 10-20 m/s after plateau maintained for 1-2 min. Oxygen had no longer supplied while the altitude was lower than 4000 m in descend. The saturation of blood oxygen (SaO2), electrocardiogram (ECG) and peak value of pressure in lung were recorded during training.Pilots were examined by thoracic roentgenoscopy when training finished and completed a questionnaire that concerned about subjective experience and the evaluation of the effect of rapid decompression training. Results Observed SaO2 in Group A was about 99% when oxygen applied but significantly dropped as the supply stopped and finally gradually recovered. In Group B, SaO2 was decreased with the altitude. ECG analysis showed that pilots in both groups appeared growing HR before RD applied and respectively reached peak value at RD started (87. 87 ±15. 97) beats/min in Group A and (91. 29±2.78) beats/min in Group B. Then HR was significantly dropped in descend. The amplitude of lead Ⅱ T wave was significantly reduced as maximum HR appeared (0.19±0.11) mV in Group A and (0. 20±0.12) mV in Group B. During decompression the peak value of the pressure in lung was (139±11) mm H2O (1 mm H2O=9.8 Pa). No abnormity was observed by thoracic roentgenoscopy for both groups. Questionnaire analysis showed that all pilots admitted the reality of simulated RD and the effectiveness of judging the happening of RD in time. Conclusions The RD training program for pilots at low

关 键 词：减压 高海拔 减压病 航空 评价研究 

分 类 号：R852.16[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]