SWAT模型在水稻灌区的改进及应用研究  

Development and Application of SWAT Model to Paddy District in Watershed Scale

作　　者：仕玉治[1] 张弛[1] 周惠成[1] 肖建民 

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学建设工程学部,辽宁大连116024 [2]黑龙江省水利厅,黑龙江哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《水电能源科学》2010年第7期18-22,共5页Water Resources and Power

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50809010);国家“十一五”科技支撑计划基金资助项目(2007BAB28B01)

摘　　要：针对灌溉资料相对缺乏流域,以SWAT模型为基础,修改了其水稻田的自动灌溉制度,并构建了多水源综合灌溉模块。利用改进的SWAT模型估计灌溉需水量、灌溉回归水量及量化分析灌溉用水对水循环的影响。模型以模拟结果效率系数最优为调参依据,根据多水源灌溉规则制定灌溉方案参与水循环模拟。将构建的灌区模型应用于努敏河流域长阁灌区,结果表明改进模型具有较好的模拟精度,与原模型相比,四方台控制站月径流模拟Nash系数在率定期和检验期分别由0.79和0.74提高到0.89和0.81;灌区多年平均灌溉水量、灌溉回归水量、平均灌溉回归系数及多年平均灌溉消耗水量的值均表明在径流模拟中有必要考虑灌溉取用水的影响。Due to the lack of irrigation observed data in paddy fields,a multiple water source module is add to SWAT to extract irrigation water and a new algorithm of automatic irrigation application is implemented.A modified SWAT model is used to simulate irrigation water demand and return and quantify analysis of irrigation water impact on hydrological cycle.According to the simulation accuracy,the optimal scenario based irrigation rules of multiple water sources is selected to simulate water cycle.And then it is applied to Changge Irrigation District in Numin River basin.Comparisons between the enhanced model and old one are conducted at the outlet in Sifangtai Hydrologic Station.The results show that the proposed SWAT has higher precision for calibration and validation periods and Nash coefficient of the simulated monthly runoff is increased from 0.79 and 0.74 to 0.89 and 0.81,respectively.In addition,the annual averaged irrigation water and return water,irrigation return flow coefficient,average annual consumption of irrigation water denote that it is necessary to consider the influence of irrigation water on runoff simulation.

关 键 词：SWAT模型 水稻 灌区 改进模型 应用研究 SWAT Model Application 灌溉需水量 径流模拟 效率系数 水循环模拟 回归系数 多水源 水的影响 模型应用 模拟精度 模拟结果 流域 量化分析 规则制定 

分 类 号：TK79[动力工程及工程热物理—流体机械及工程] TV7[水利工程—水利水电工程]