爆炸及火药燃烧致吸入性肺损伤大鼠实验模型的建立  

Establishment of a rat model of inhalation lung injury induced by powder combustion

作　　者：周敏[1] 姚斌[2] 严尚学[3] 李涛[4] 朱捷[1] 王伟[1] 郝建[1] 

机构地区：[1]解放军第105医院呼吸科,合肥230031 [2]中国科学技术大学火灾实验室 [3]安徽医科大学实验动物中心 [4]安徽医科大学第一附属医院检验科

出　　处：《解放军医学杂志》2005年第8期734-737,共4页Medical Journal of Chinese People's Liberation Army

基　　金："十五"全军医药卫生科研基金资助项目(编号04M009)

摘　　要：目的建立一种爆炸及火药燃烧致大鼠吸入性肺损伤的动物模型。方法在火灾模拟平台基础上改装并设计制作爆破箱及致伤室,在线进行烟雾分析;观察动物的临床表现、肺含水率、动脉血气分析、肺大体观及病理改变,了解肺损伤程度。结果烟雾成分包括CO、SO2、NO、NO2,致伤时烟雾中CO浓度(505±23)ppm,SO2浓度(67±4·8)ppm(1ppm=1×10-6,v/v),致伤时间为4min。多数大鼠伤后立即出现呼吸急促,随后呼吸减慢,呼吸困难。伤后早期为代谢性酸中毒,后期为代谢性酸中毒合并呼吸性酸中毒。肺含水率逐渐增加,6h达到高峰,24h仍未恢复正常。肺大体观及病理证实为肺损伤,且4h时出血明显,6h时水肿达高峰,24h仍未恢复。结论成功地建立了爆炸及火药燃烧致大鼠吸入性损伤的动物模型,该模型保证了伤情的稳定,且具有易于复制、重复性好的优点,适用于各种吸入性损伤的实验研究。Objective To establish a model in rats for studying the lung injury induced by powder combustion. Methods The explosion box and trauma chamber were constructed based on the fire simulation-platform. The smoke composition was analyzed on-line. The animal clinical manifestation was observed, and the lung water ratio, arterial blood gases, gross appearance and macropathology were analyzed to evaluate the injury level. Results The smoke contents included CO, SO2, NO and NO2. When the injury occurred, the CO concentration was 505 23 ppm, and SO2 concentration was 67±4.8ppm. The time to cause injury was 4 minutes. The tachypnea immediately occurred for most of the rats, then bradypnea and dyspnea. The metabolic acidosis happened at the early stage of injury and the combined effects of metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis appeared at the late stage. Water ratio in the lung gradually increased and reached the peak at 6 hours later, and the normality was not recovered after 24 hours. The gross appearance and macropathology proved the lung injury. The obvious bleeding appeared at 4 hours, and the edema reached the most grievous level at 6 hours, and the normality was not recovered after 24 hours. Conclusion The model has been successfully established to study powder combustion-induced acute aspiration lung injury in rats ,This model can keep the injury conditions stably and has the benefits of easy-making and repeatable.

关 键 词：火药燃烧 烟雾吸入损伤 模型 动物 

分 类 号：R332[医药卫生—人体生理学] R826.56[医药卫生—基础医学]