砚源  

ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF INKSTONE

作　　者：金芷君 

出　　处：《上海工艺美术》2008年第1期90-93,共4页Shanghai Arts & Crafts

摘　　要：一、砚之源流砚虽在文房四宝中排次殿军,但由于它质地坚固,能世代相传,且无论贫富贵贱均须用之,故在流传至今的古代文房四宝中以砚最为多见。正如清代钱谦益在《保砚斋记》中所云:"天下玩好之物,多不能传之再世,而保砚为易。"最初的砚是圆窝状的石臼,称作"研"。由于人工墨尚未发明,使用的是天然矿物颜料,所以还附有与研配套、用以研磨颜料的杵棒状研石,称作"研子",在陕西临潼姜寨一处原始社会遗址中,曾发掘出一组用以绘制彩陶的工具,其中有一方石研,呈臼状,配有石研棒、盖板。Inkstones are places as the last one among'the four precious things of the library'(brush,ink,paper and inkstone)however,they are the most convenient collections.Inkstones are performing as an acquired taste like several other facets of Chinese culture.Inkstones are generally black or dark in color.Their beauty oftentimes is not so much in how they look but in how they work together with the ink and the paper and brush to achieve a particular color or texture.Inkstones,together with brush,ink and paper,are used in writing of characters,calligraphy and painting,which has a much deeper cultural significance than most outsiders,would at first appreciate.This article reviews the origin,history and development of inkstones; and then respectively introduces'the four most known inkstone'(Duan,She,Taohe and Chengni)with their materials and features in detail.The article also covers the two sounding band manufacturer Gu Erniang and Lu Dong.

关 键 词：澄泥砚 端砚 端石 发墨 铜砚 砚堂 瓦砚 砚瓦 暖砚 端溪 铜雀台 石砚 墨锭 漆砂砚 

分 类 号：K875.4[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]