The Earliest Ascidiate Carpel and Its Implications for Angiosperm Evolution  

作　　者：Xin WANG Gang HAN 

机构地区：[1]State Key Laboratory of Paleobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, 39 Beijing Dong Road, Nanjing 210008, China [2]Palaeontological Center, Bohai University, 19 Keji Road, Jinzhou 121013, China

出　　处：《Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)》2011年第5期998-1002,共5页地质学报(英文版)

基　　金：supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KZCX2-YW-154);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(40772006, 40625006,40632010 and J0630967);the State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy,Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Programs (20102108,20101104);the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry

摘　　要：According to the classic doctrine of angiosperm evolution,the archetype carpel in angiosperms is of plicate form.However,this concept is facing increasing challenges from the systematics based on molecular data,which now takes ascidiate carpel as ancestral.This reorientation in evolutionary thinking cannot be fully achieved unless there is supporting fossil evidence.Here a fruit, named Liaoningfructus,is reported from the famous Yixian Formation(Early Cretaceous,125 Ma), which yielded several pioneer angiosperms in the past decades.The configuration of the fruit suggests that the carpel giving rise to the fruit is most likely ascidiate,favoring the above reorientation.There are two seeds in the fruit,and at least one of them is served by a vascular bundle arising from the bottom of the fruit,implying a basal placentation in the former carpel,which again is different from the classic thinking.This discovery not only enhances the diversity of angiosperms in the Yixian Formation,but also accelerates the on-going switching of thinking on angiosperm evolution.According to the classic doctrine of angiosperm evolution,the archetype carpel in angiosperms is of plicate form.However,this concept is facing increasing challenges from the systematics based on molecular data,which now takes ascidiate carpel as ancestral.This reorientation in evolutionary thinking cannot be fully achieved unless there is supporting fossil evidence.Here a fruit, named Liaoningfructus,is reported from the famous Yixian Formation(Early Cretaceous,125 Ma), which yielded several pioneer angiosperms in the past decades.The configuration of the fruit suggests that the carpel giving rise to the fruit is most likely ascidiate,favoring the above reorientation.There are two seeds in the fruit,and at least one of them is served by a vascular bundle arising from the bottom of the fruit,implying a basal placentation in the former carpel,which again is different from the classic thinking.This discovery not only enhances the diversity of angiosperms in the Yixian Formation,but also accelerates the on-going switching of thinking on angiosperm evolution.

关 键 词：ascidiate CARPEL FLOWER ORIGIN EVOLUTION 

分 类 号：Q914[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]