小麦全蚀病生防放线菌的分离与筛选  

Isolation and screening actinomycetes against take-all disease of wheat

作　　者：乔宏萍[1] 黄丽丽[1] 王伟伟[1] 高小宁[1] 康振生[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学植物保护学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2005年第B08期1-4,共4页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30270863);国家"十五"攻关项目(2001BA509B03)

摘　　要：从新疆保护地蔬菜和棉田采集的土样中分离筛选对小麦全蚀病具有拮抗作用的放线菌，结果发现，7个土样中分离到的放线菌菌株数有明显的差异，菌株数从1．0×10^4～1．0×10^5cfu／g。测定纯化得到的30株不同菌株对小麦全蚀病菌的抑制试验，有12株表现出不同的抑制效果，其中XG1的抑菌圈达到8．84mm。12株放线菌中有8株的发酵滤液对小麦全蚀菌的菌丝生长有抑制作用，其中XC2，XA5和XF5的抑制效果达到80％以上。盆栽试验结果表明，菌株XA5对小麦全蚀病在幼苗茎基部症状的控制作用达到59．2％，且幼苗的根长、株高以及株鲜重、干重与发病对照相比都有所增长，其中XC2处理的幼苗最明显，根长、株高、根鲜重和干重分别比对照增加20．3％，38％，36．8％和44％，地上部鲜重和干重分别比对照增加57．4％和38．5％，说明这几株放线菌对小麦全蚀病有较好的防治作用。The paper studied the isolation and screening of actinomycetes in vitro and in vivo against wheat take-all disease caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. The results indicated that actinomycetes had obviously different numbers from 1.0×10^4 cfu/g to 1.0× 10^5 cfu/g in 7 different soils. Twelve isolates showed strongly inhibitory activities against mycelial growth of Ggt and the inhibition zone of XG1 was up to 8.84 mm. The ferment filtration was used to test the antagonistic effect of actionomycetes which improved great inhibition effect in vitro. Eight strains had antagonism against Gaeumannomyces graminis vat. tritici and the inhibition effect of XC2,XA5 and XF5 were beyond 80%. The control efficiency of 9 strains actinomycetes against wheat seedings development and take-all disease were evaluated in greenhouse experiments. We found that 1 strain had better control effect than others,the efficiency was up to 59. 2% ,and the treated seedling showed much higher shoot height, root height, fresh shoot weight and fresh root weight compared to the disease control plants.

关 键 词：小麦全蚀病菌 皿内对峙培养 盆栽试验 抑菌圈 病情指数 

分 类 号：S435.121.49[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]