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机构地区:[1]美国马里兰大学城市研究与规划系 [2]美国林肯土地政策研究院中国部主任
出 处:《国外城市规划》2005年第4期11-18,共8页Urban Planning Overseas
摘 要:理论和实证研究表明,工业的空间分布对城市经济与城市效率密切相关。就业与城市经济增长的关系表现在:(1)劳动生产率和要素的生产率一般与就业密度和城市规模成正比,这与大城市相对高的工资相一致;(2)工业行业的多样化也促进城市经济的发展;(3)工业就业集中有利于提高生产率,城市企业的数量,工业产量和专利的产生;(4)就业的空间集聚在很大程度上影响城市交通投资和成本。Both theory and empirical studies illustrate that spatial patterns of employment has substantial impacts on urban economy, Research reveals the following conclusions: (1) employment density is positively and significantly correlated with productivity (labor and inputs), this is consistent with the fact that wages are higher in larger cities than in smaller ones; (2) diversity of industries helps the development of new industries; (3) employment concentration is significantly correlated with productivity, industrial output, number of establishment, and development of patent; (4) urban transportation (both investments and costs) is affected by the degree of spatial concentration of employment.
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