沙漠腹地—荒漠戈壁—绿洲的气候过渡性研究  

Study on Climatic Transition in a Desert Hinterland-Gobi Desert-Oasis Zone in the Tarim Basin, Xinjiang

作　　者：梁云[1] 刘新春[1] 张广兴[1] 李红军[1] 霍文[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2005年第3期332-335,共4页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：中国气象局科学技术研究项目"沙漠气象及其生态环境的动态评估系统"资助

摘　　要：利用塔里木盆地塔中气象站、肖塘气象站和轮台气象站1999-2003年的资料,通过对比分析,研究沙漠腹地—荒漠戈壁—绿洲的气候过渡性规律。结果表明,由于地理位置和下垫面的不同,从沙漠腹地—荒漠戈壁—绿洲,气候存在过渡性差异。Located in south Xinjiang, the Tarim Basin is the largest inland basin in China, and its total area is 5.6 × 10^5 km^2. The Taklimakan Desert, the second largest desert in the world, is located in the central part of the basin, and its total area is 3. 376 × 10^5 km^2, in which the area of mobile dunes occupies 85 % of the desert. OaRs are extensively distributed in the peripheral regions of the basin, and the ecotones with sparse desert vegetation are between the desert and oases. It belongs to the extremely arid continental climate because the basin is far away from oceans, the Tarim River Watershed, the largest continental watershed in China, is located in the northern part of the basin, so the peculiar and extremely vulnerable natural ecosystems form. This paper analyzes the meteorological data observed by Tazhong Meteorological Station （38°58′N, 83°39′E, 1 090 m a.s. 1. ） located at a mobile-dune zone in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert, Xiaotang Meteorological Station （40°49′N, 84°17′E, 944 m a. s. 1. ） located at the northern part of the Tarim Basin, where some survival and died forests of Populus euphratica are sparsely distributed, and Luntai Meteorological Station （41°45′N, 84°15′E, 978 m a. s. 1. ） located in an oasis in the northern part of the basin and the southern piedmont of the Tianshan Mountains during the period from 1999 to 2003. The results are as follows： （ 1 ） In the desert hinterland-Gobi desert-oasis zone in the Tarim Basin, the annual precipitation and relative humidity are gradually increased, the absolute values of the maximum and minimum temperatures are gradually reduced, and the “wet-island effect” and “cold-island effect” of the oases are significant; （2） The difference of sunshine duration is not so significant; （3） The days of occurring strong winds are reduced from the hinterland of the desert to the oasis; （4） Dust storms occur more frequently at Xiaotang than that at Tazhong, and floating dusts occur more frequen

关 键 词：沙漠腹地 荒漠戈壁 绿洲 气候 过渡性 塔里木盆地 

分 类 号：P463.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]