20世纪50年代以来博斯腾湖水盐变化及趋势  

Study on the Change of Inflow and Salt Content of the Bosten Lake, Xinjiang since the 1950s

作　　者：王亚俊[1] 李宇安[2] 王彦国[2] 谭芫[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]新疆阿克苏水文水资源勘测局,阿克苏843000

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2005年第3期355-360,共6页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KZCX1-10-06);国家自然科学基金(40371022);中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所(20001014)资助

摘　　要：位于新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州博湖县境内的博斯腾湖,由于受人类活动的影响,湖泊水质由淡水逐渐变成了微咸水,生态与环境受到了破坏。1958年历史上第一次对博斯腾湖水质监测结果中的“矿化度”,就成了近几十年来研究博斯腾湖水盐变化过程的一个重要指标参数。经分析,1958年博斯腾湖的矿化度并非人们所认为的0.39 g/L,而应是0.56 g/L。扬水站的建立抑制了博斯腾湖总盐量的上升,使博斯腾湖的总盐量从1.30×106t这个平衡点,回落到目前的9.60×105t平衡点上。并分析了未来扬水站东迁后博斯腾湖的总盐量的平衡点为8.50×105t。Located in Bohu County, Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, the Bosten Lake （41°56′～42°14′N, 86°40′～87°56′E） is the largest lake in Xinjiang and was the largest inland freshwater lake in China, it, however, has become as a slight saltwater lake currently due to the impacts of human activities since the 1950s, and the ecology and environment have been degenerated. The Bosten Lake is a Mesozoic fault lake in a depression of the western folded zone in the Tianshan Mountains, and it is the terminus of the Kaidu River and also the headwaters of the Kongque River. In the stream system of the Bosten Lake, the landforms include the alpine zones, modern glaciers, hilly regions, valleys, sand dunes, Gobi deserts, plains, swamps, etc. The total area of the stream system of the lake is 43 884 km^2, in which the catchment area is 31 973 km^2 and occupies 72.9% of the total area. The Bosten Lake is 55 km in east-west length and 20～25 km in southnorth width when the elevation of its water surface is 1 048 m, its water area is 1 160 km^2, its storage capacity is 8.41 × 10^9 m^3, and its water depth varies in a range of 8～15 m and 8.1 m in average. The inflow of the lake is mainly recharged by the Kaidu River with an annual runoff volume of 3.42 × 10^9 m^3, which occupies 83.4% of its total inflow. The Bosten Lake plays an important role in controlling floods in the Kaidu River Watershed and providing water supply in the Kongque River Watershed. The water mineralization of the Bosten Lake, firstly measured in 1958, has been always regarded as an important reference in the studies on the change of water and salt content in recent decades. In this paper, the change of inflow and salt content of the Bosten Lake since the 1950s is researched. It is analyzed that the mineralization of the Bosten Lake in 1958 should be 0.56 g/L but not 0.39 g/L. The analyzed results reveal that the increasing trend of total salt quantity of the lake has been restricted since the west pumping station was put into

关 键 词：博斯腾湖 矿化度 总盐量 平衡点 

分 类 号：P343.3[天文地球—水文科学]