单环刺螠虫精子生物学特性和环境因子的关系  

Biological characteristics of Urechis uniconctus sperm and the effects of environmental factors on sperm vitality

作　　者：牛从从[1] 张志峰[1] 邵明瑜[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋生命学院,山东青岛266003

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2005年第5期556-561,共6页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家自然科学面上基金(30271039);NSFC-KOSEF国际合作项目资助

摘　　要：解剖成熟的单环刺螠虫(Urechis uniconctus)成体,直接从肾管中取出新鲜精子进行实验.结果显示,单环刺螠虫精子为鞭毛型,头部最前端为顶体,呈奶嘴状;细胞核近似杯状,核内有核泡.中段由一个大环状线粒体组成.尾部轴丝为典型的'9+2'型结构.精液的pH值为6.5±0.2;精子密度为(4.2±0.2)×109/mL;新鲜精子经过滤海水(10 cm厚的脱脂棉过滤)的激活率为86.4%±6.3%,涡动时间为(17.0±6.9)min,寿命为(24.4±7.8)min.室温(20±1)℃下,精子保存12 h活力无显著变化,但至24 h活力明显下降;低温(4℃)可明显延长精子活力的保存时间,可保存21 d;盐度和酸碱度对精子的激活率、涡动时间和寿命都有较大的影响,精子适宜的盐度为20～30,最佳盐度为25;适宜的酸碱度为7～9,最佳为8.因此,低温可以较长时间的保存单环刺螠虫的精子,在盐度稍低或偏碱性的海水中精子活力较高.Urechis uniconctus is a kind of popular seafood in aquatic product market of north China. However its natural resource is limited. Now the research in the aquaculture of Urechis uniconctus has become more and more necessary. In this work, biological characteristics and relationships between vitality of U. uniconctus sperm and environmental factors were studied in laboratory. The results can provide useful research information for sperm preservation, artificial fertilization and seed production of U. uniconctus. Healthy male adults from the market were selected. Mature sperm were collected from the storage organ by dissecting the fresh samples. Part of the sperm was fixed by 2.5 % glutaraldehyde and 1% osmium tetrachloride, embedded by Epon-812, stained by uranyl acetate and lead citrate, then observed by Hitech H-7000 transmission electronic microscope （TEM）. By TEM the results show that, the sperm of U. uniconctus belongs to flagellum type. The acrosome at the top of the head part is nipple-shaped. The nucleus is cupulate, with nuclear vacuoles in it. The middle part consists of a large and round mitochondrium. The axoneme of tail part shows typical “9 ＋ 2” model. The shape and structure of animal sperm is interrelated with its mode of movement and process of fertilization, and is also one of the bases for animal taxology. So this study on the ultrastructure of U. uniconctus sperm may provide some information for the classification and evolution of Echiurans species. The density of sperm in U. uniconctus, which was measured by haemacytometer, is （4.2 ± 0.2） × 10^9/mL, and pH measured by DELTA 320 pH meter, is 6.5 ± 0.2. The sperm was activated by filtered seawater at salinity 30, pH 8 and temperature （ 19 ± 1 ） ℃. Generally, the vitality of sperm includes activation rates, time of movement and lifetime. After the fresh sperm was activated, the activation rate was 86.4% ± 6.3%, the time of movement was （17 ± 6.9） min, and the lifetime was （24.4±7.8） min. In the experiment,some f

关 键 词：单环刺螠虫 精子 生物学特性 超微结构 

分 类 号：Q959.195[生物学—动物学]