小麦组织培养体细胞胚胎的次生胚状体发生研究  

Secondary somatic embryo production from somatic embryo in vitro of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

作　　者：伍碧华[1] 郑有良[1] 骆建明[2] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学小麦研究所,四川都江堰611830 [2]四川农业大学都江堰分校,四川都江堰611830

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2005年第4期373-377,共5页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：四川省科技厅应用基础项目;四川省教育厅国家自然科学基金预研项目;重点项目;长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT0453)

摘　　要：本研究首次通过幼胚和成熟胚培养,对小麦体细胞胚胎的次生胚状体发生潜力进行了探讨。结果表明,幼胚培养效益显著优于成熟胚,主要体现为成熟胚外植体存在严重的难以克服的微生物污染难题,其平均污染率达50%以上,而幼胚仅为0.97%。同时,叶状体化愈伤组织发生率和植株再生率,幼胚极显著高于成熟胚(P<0.001)。对愈伤组织再分化培养物的组织学切片观察发现,成熟胚愈伤组织的细胞大、多呈长形或不规则形、胞质稀薄或空囊状、胞间排列松散,没有明显的分生组织区;而幼胚愈伤组织的细胞小、多圆形、胞质浓密、染色深、胞间排列紧密、具有明显的分生组织区,能分化形成体细胞胚胎,并且还发现材料“Fan-33”具有体细胞胚胎的次生体细胞胚胎发生潜力。这种优异的体细胞无性克隆特性,对优化小麦遗传转化系统,提高转基因工程效率具有重要意义。In this paper, secondary somatic embryo production from somatic embryo in immature embryo and mature embryo culture of bread wheat （ Triticum aestivum L. ） was firstly investigated. The results showed that effect of immature embryo culture was significantly superior to that of mature embryo culture because mature embryo culture encountered more severe bacterium or mold growth, with rate of contamination over 50 % while that of mature embryo at 0.97 %. Moreover, both rate of calli with leaf-like green spots and that of shoot or plant regeneration of immature embryo culture was higher than that of mature embryo culture （P〈 0.001 ） .Examination of histological sections showed that the calli derived from mature embryos had little meristem and the cells were large, long or irregular, loose, empty bag-like or with thin cytoplasm. However, the cells of immature embryo-derived calli, had obvious meristem, and the cells were small, round, compact and with thick cytoplasm, which could differentiate somatic embryo. Especially, secondary somatic embryo production from first somatic embryo in cultivar “Fan-33” was observed. The excellent somatic clonal capability was important of improving the transgenie system,and promoting the genetic transformation efficiency in wheat.

关 键 词：小麦 组织培养 体细胞胚胎 次生体细胞胚胎 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]