部分农村中学生生殖健康状况及相关知识、态度/观念、行为和保健需求现况研究  

Study on reproductive health situation, knowledge, attitude and practice and health needs of middle school students in rural China

作　　者：赵更力[1] 张小松[1] 周敏[1] 王临虹[2] 郭素芳[2] 薛玲[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学第一医院妇产科妇儿保健中心,100034 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心妇幼保健中心,100013

出　　处：《中国妇幼保健》2005年第17期2251-2253,共3页Maternal and Child Health Care of China

基　　金：联合国人口基金(UNFPA)资助项目

摘　　要：目的:了解农村中学生性与生殖健康的知识、态度/观念、行为和保健需求,为在农村开展适宜的性教育和生殖健康服务提供可靠的科学依据,并提出切实可行的干预策略和措施.方法:于2003年7～11月采用定量研究方法选择山西省、浙江省、青海省各1个县共计2 944名15～19岁的在校学生进行问卷调查,应用SPSS/10.0软件对资料进行统计学分析.结果:调查对象平均年龄为16.88±1.19岁.女生初潮平均年龄(14.07±1.27)岁,男生初次遗精的平均年龄为(15.05±1.39)岁.手淫发生率为17.9%,发生首次手淫的平均年龄15.09±1.09岁.不同意发生婚前性行为的占75.6%.本研究中中学生性行为的发生率为4.6%,其中男生和女生的性行为发生率分别为6.0%和3.1%.在发生过性行为的学生中有28.9%曾经至少使用过一种避孕方法.首次性行为中性暴力的发生率为25.0%.中学生普遍缺乏对性与生殖健康相关知识,不同性别间的知识掌握程度存在一定差异.学生对有关性和生殖健康知识的需求,主要为如何处理与异性朋友的关系、青春期生理心理变化知识、预防性病/艾滋病传播的措施等.结论:农村地区亟待有针对性地开展青少年性和生殖健康教育,对在校青少年进行性道德教育、避孕知识、性传播疾病预防、性骚扰和性暴力防范等内容的生殖健康教育.Objective： To know the knowledge, attitude and practice （KAP） and the demands of middle school students sex and reproductive health in rural China, so as to provide scientific evidences, effective strategies and interventional measures for conducting sex and reproductive health education in rural areas. Methods： By means of quantitative study methods, the questionnaire was carried out among the school students aged 15～19 （3 012 cases） in Qinghai province, Shanxi province and Zhejiang province in western, central and eastern areas of China. The quantitative data were analyzed by software SPSS/10. 0 for Windows. Results： The average age of respondents was 16. 88 ± 1. 19 years old. The average age of menarehe was 14. 07 ± 1. 27 ; the average age of the first male spormatorrhea was 15. 05± 1. 39. The incidence of masturbation was 17. 9%, and the first masturbation occurred at 15. 09 ± 1. 09 years. Among the respondents, 75. 6% disagreed sexual behavior before marriage. The rate of sex intereourses among middle school students was 4. 6% , among them, 6. 0% and 3. 1% were male and female respectively. 28. 9% of those who had sexual behaviors had used at least one contraceptive method. 25% of the first sex intereourses were forced. The middle school students were generally short of relevant knowledge on sex and reproductive health. There were some differences on the knowledge mastered by male and female students. The demands of students on sex and reproductive health were mainly： how to deal with the relationship with heterosexual friends, knowledge on physical and psychological changes at puberty, preventive measures of sexually transmitted disease （STDs） /human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） etc. Conclusion： It is necessary to carry out adolescents＇sex and reproductive health education, including sexual health ethics, contraceptive knowledge, prevention of STDs and sexual force etc.

关 键 词：生殖健康 KAP 中学生 

分 类 号：R195.2[医药卫生—卫生统计学]