宁南半干旱地区主要作物土壤水分效率  

The Soil Water Use Efficiency of Main Crops in Southern Ningxia Semi-Arid Area

作　　者：韩仕峰[1] 史竹叶[1] 徐建荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水土保持研究所,水利部水土保持研究所

出　　处：《水土保持研究》1996年第1期112-117,共6页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

摘　　要：宁南半干旱地区主要作物的土壤水分效率，经１９８８～１９９５年长期测定为：年降水利用率，春麦、豌豆、马铃薯、胡麻和谷（糜）依次为５２．４９％，４８．３５％，８２．５６％，６３．１７％和７５．２７％，以马铃薯利用率最高，山地高于塬地、川台地；可供有效水利用率，依次为５０．７７％，４７．７１％，６１．８９％，５０．２９％和５９．８０％，以马铃薯和谷（糜）地最高，山地高于塬和川台地。在立地条件差异上，胡麻是川台地大于塬、山地；水分生产效率依次为３．４７ｋｇ／（ｈｍ２·ｍｍ），３．１８ｋｇ／（ｈｍ２·ｍｍ），３８．０８ｋｇ／（ｈｍ２·ｍｍ），２．４４ｋｇ／（ｈｍ２·ｍｍ）和９．１３ｋｇ／（ｈｍ２·ｍｍ），以谷（糜）最高，次为马铃薯，川台地高于塬地和山地。从目前的利用率和效率看，多数作物才达５０％～６０％和２～３ｋｇ／（ｈｍ２·ｍｍ），还有相当大的潜力．提高的途径是：①调剂分配不均的降雨，②补灌提水，③培育抗旱品种，④提高已供有效水的利用率。Through experiments done during 1988￣1995, the soil water use rate and soil wateruse efficiency of main crops were analyised. They are as follows: (1) The preclipitation use rate (PUR): spring wheat use 52. 49% of precipitation others are peal 48. 35%, Potato 82. 56%, Flax 63.17% and Proso 75. 27%. The PUR in slope land is higher than. that of table land or table land. (2)The soil water use rate (WUR) are respectively 50. 77%, 47. 71 %, 61.89%,50. 29% and 59. 80% according above order. The WUR has the same tendency with above one. (3) The water use efficiency (WUE): 3. 47, 3. 18, 38. 08, 2. 44 and 9. 13(unit: kg/hm2.mm). The order of WUE has some difference within difference topography, which is in the order: table land's >tableland's > slope land's. From above analysis, we could see that WUR and WUE have great potentialities. The ways to raise includ: A: to adjust and redistribute the precipitation; B: to uptake water from any water body and irrigate corps; C: to bring up new drought resistant crop varieties ; D: to raise the use rate of suplied effective water.

关 键 词：土壤水分 作物 宁南 水分利用率 半干旱地区 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]