宁南半干旱地区轮种主要作物春播土壤墒情分析  

Analysis on Soil Moisture of Farmland at Spring Sowing Stage in Southern Ningxia Semi-Arid Area

作　　者：韩仕峰[1] 史竹叶[1] 徐建荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水土保持研究所,水利部水土保持研究所

出　　处：《水土保持研究》1996年第1期137-141,共5页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

摘　　要：宁南山区的春播表层土壤水分条件，以裸地、豌豆和春麦茬地较好，多数情况下，０～１０ｃｍ表层，２～４年逢早一次，１０～４０ｃｍ土层，４～５年出现一次水分不足。马铃薯茬地最差，０～１０ｃｍ表层，４年３旱，１０ｃｍ以下土层，表现为３年２旱。川台地的裸地、豌豆和春麦茬地好于塬地和山地；胡麻茬地春播表层水分是川台地次于山、塬地；马铃薯茬地春播表层水分是川台地次于塬、山地。抗旱播种方法：０～１０ｃｍ土层水分不具备播种出全苗时，裸地、豌豆、春麦、胡麻等茬地宜实行套二犁沟垅种植（沟深１５～２５ｃｍ），使种子撒在湿土层；马铃薯茬地可采用深沟高垅双靠栽种。旱年春播要辅以灌溉，春麦、裸地、豌豆等茬地限量灌溉，塬、山地要高于川台地；马铃薯地实行穴灌；胡麻地要蓄墒补灌。无灌溉条件时，提倡马铃薯、胡麻上山种植。In southern Ningxia semi-arid area, at spring sowing stage, the soil moisture of uper layer is often lack. The better moisture condition is those planted on used by fallown bea and spring wheat last year, which would meet drought one second to spring wheat last year, which field would meet drought one second to fourth yearly within 0￣10cm upsoil and sole nd one ourth to fourth to fiveth yearly within 10￣40cm, The moisture of potato field is very poor, which droughts happen, in 0￣10cm, 3 times in 4, years; under 10cm, 2 times in 3 years. The moisture of land used by fallow bea of spring wheat in table land is better than that in tableland or slopeland. On the contrary that of flax or potato in table land is inferior to that in tableland or slope land The sowing methods of resistant drought are as follows: to be sowed seeds or to be pretected soil water with added up earth; to irrigat litter water to the field; when the irrigation could not implement, to plant flax or potato in slope land is recommended.

关 键 词：半干旱区 作物 春播 土壤墒情 轮作 

分 类 号：S342.1[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S344.1[农业科学—农艺学]