青藏高原东部暗针叶林采伐迹地小气候及植被演替  

Microclimate Changes and Plant Succession in Dark Coniferous Clear-cutting Forestland in Eastern Tibetan Plateau

作　　者：庞学勇[1] 包维楷[1] 张咏梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院成都生物研究所,成都610041

出　　处：《世界科技研究与发展》2005年第3期47-53,共7页World Sci-Tech R&D

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程项目(KZCX3SW339;KSCX10702);国家"十五"重大科技攻关资助(2001BA606A05);西部之光项目;茂县生态站共同资助

摘　　要：暗针叶林主要分布在青藏高原东部的多条大江大河的上游和源头地区,具有重要的生态屏障功能,对于维护区域生态安全、促进经济可持续发展具有十分重要的作用。但自20世纪40年代以来,原始林被大规模采伐,形成大面积采伐迹地灌丛和草丛,其生态屏障功能逐步减弱,引起一系列生态环境因子变化。本文综述目前暗针叶林采伐迹地小气候、植被演替的研究现状,指出森林采伐后引起迹地小气候发生剧烈变化,导致迹地植被物种组成、盖度、生物量、生理生态因子等随着人为对其的不同干预也发生着相应的变化。指出今后应加强:(1)暗针叶林采伐迹地植被演替规律的研究;(2)加强人工造林树种的筛选;(3)采伐迹地0～1.5m下垫面小气候立体综合定位监测。Dark coniferous forests mainly distribute in the upper reaches and the source areas of the big rivers of the eastern Tibetan plateau, and have the very important function of “ecological barrier”, including protecting the ecological safety in this areas and promoting economic sustainable development. However, since 1940＇ s, natural coniferous forests are being cleared, and form a big area of cutting-blank and secondary shrubs land, and have led to the decrease of ecological barrier functions and changes of ecological environmental factors. Through the overview, we have knowed the condition of microclimate and plant succession in dark coniferous forest cutting-blank, and indicated that the microclimte was changed acutely after natural coniferous forest deforested. Species composition, cover, biomass and physi-ecological characteristic also altered according to different artificial control measures. We shold strengthen ： （ 1 ） plant succession rules in dark coniferous forest clearcutting in eastern Tibetan Plateau ; （2） the selection of resistant species ; （ 3 ） synthetical monitor of microclimate factors that are long located in the layers from 0 to 150cm aboveground and significantly affect the environmental changes of clear-cutting forestland in future research.

关 键 词：暗针叶林 采伐迹地 生态环境 生态恢复 青藏高原东部 小气候 植物演替 植被演替 20世纪40年代 生态屏障功能 

分 类 号：P463.22[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]