微生物固定化技术及其对水胺硫磷降解的研究  

Study on the technology for immobilizing microorganism and its application to degradation of isocarbophos

作　　者：罗启芳[1] 张小荷[1] 陈敏 王勇 赵金辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]同济医科大学公共卫生学院,武汉430030

出　　处：《卫生研究》1996年第1期29-32,共4页Journal of Hygiene Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：提出聚乙烯醇(PVA)包埋活性炭与微生物的固定化技术,并对有机磷农药水胺硫磷进行了降解试验。结果表明,农药降解率与CODcr(化学需氧量)去除率呈高度正相关,故可用CODcr去除率作为常用活性评价指标。经固定的微生物对温度和pH值的适应范围变宽,且可用于CODcr达20g/L高浓度农药的好氧降解。优势菌为动性球菌属,降解速度与进水CODcr的关系符合Michaelis-Menten公式。采用色谱-质谱联机等分析方法,证实固定化微生物可使水胺硫磷环链断裂。连续试验400d,活性尚无明显降低。所研制的四种反应器,以固定化微生物薄膜式转盘最优,当进水CODcr为3132mg/L时,室温24h去除率为86%,且不需曝气设备。A technique was developed for immobilizing microorganism on an activated carbon which was entrapped by using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as an entrapping agent. The trial study applied this technique to the degradation of isocarbophos, an organophosphorus pesticide. The results show that the degradation rate of the organophosphorus pesticide in water was in highly positive correlation to GODcr removal, so that it would be proper to choose CODcr removal as a routine indicator for evaluating the activity of immobilized microorganism in the degradation of this pesticide. The immobilized microorganism can be effective in a wider range of temperatures and pH and it was applied for aerobic degradation of high concentration pesticide that initial CODcr reached 20g/L. The superior bacteria is planococcus. The relation of initial CODcr and average degradation rate conformed to Michaelis-Menten equation. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and other analyses confirmed that cyclic structure of Isocarbophos might be broken by immobilized microorbanism. During 400 period of continuous operation, the activity of immobilized microorganism has not distinctly reduced. The membranous rotating disc of immobilized microorganism is the best reactor of four reactors. If initial CODcr of water sample was 3132 mg/L, the removal rate of CODcr was 86% for 24 hours (HRT) under room temperature and it doesn't require aerating apparatus.

关 键 词：农药废水 废水处理 水胺硫磷 固定化微生物 

分 类 号：X783.03[环境科学与工程—环境工程]