塔里木河流域荒漠河岸植物对应急输水的生理响应  

Physiological response of desert plants to watering in hyper arid areas of Tarim River

作　　者：阮晓[1] 王强[1] 陈亚宁[2] 李卫红[2] 许宁一[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学宁波理工学院,生物与制药工程系,宁波315100 [2]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《生态学报》2005年第8期1966-1973,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究(973)发展计划资助项目(2004CB720201);中国科学院知识创新资助项目(KZCX1-08-03)~~

摘　　要：选择塔里木河沿岸典型样地,以乔木树种胡杨(Populuseuphratica)、灌木柽柳(Tamarixspp.)和草本植物罗布麻(Apo-cynumvenetum)为研究材料,垂直距离输水河道500m范围内,间隔100m设置一个采样断面。监测并分析塔里木河下游应急输水前后5个断面地下水位、地下水含盐量及3种植物叶片游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖、内源植物激素脱落酸(ABA)和细胞分裂素(CTK)含量的变化。研究3种荒漠植物对水盐双重胁迫环境的生理响应及适应策略。结果表明:盐胁迫显著增加3种植物叶片或同化枝的可溶性糖浓度,断面间不同植物叶片或同化枝可溶性糖积累存在差异;输水后断面间随地下水位不同程度的抬升,胡杨和柽柳叶片或同化枝脯氨酸含量出现了成比例的下降;柽柳同化枝可溶性糖与脯氨酸积累相关性最小,发展了不同于另外两种植物的通过有机溶剂积累适应胁迫环境的策略,即同化枝可溶性糖与脯氨酸作为响应于地下水位变化的功能物质独立地起作用,可溶性糖积累对盐胁迫的响应明显,而脯氨酸积累对干旱胁迫的响应更为明显;对与胁迫抗性有关的植物内源激素ABA、CTK浓度及浓度增长量变化进行分析,发现胡杨具有不同于其他两种植物的内源ABA、CTK浓度增量变化趋势;胡杨和罗布麻叶片ABA积累量与脯氨酸积累百分量(△[脯氨酸])而柽柳中ABA积累量与可溶性糖积累百分量(△[可溶性糖])显著相关。The physiological responses and adaptive strategies to water and salinity stress of Populus euphratica （arbor species）, Tamarix spp （bush species）, and Apocynum venetum （herbaceous species） were studied in hyper-arid environment of Tarim River. The groundwater table, saline content of groundwater as well as the content of free proline, soluble sugars, plant endogenous hormone （ABA, CTK） of leaves in three species were monitored and analyzed at the lower reaches of Tarim River in study area where five transections were fixed at 100 m intervals along a vertical sampling line at pre and post-watering. Saline stress dramatically increased soluble sugars concentration of three species. Differences in sugar accumulation were determined among species at different transactions. The free proline concentration of leaves in Tamarix spp and Populus euphratica underwent a proportional decrease with differently elevated degree of groundwater table after watering. There was least correlation between the soluble sugars and proline stimulation in Tamarix spp. It was strongly suggested that Tamarix spp developed the different strategy to accumulate organic solutes to adapt stress environment; the soluble sugars and proline accumulation responded to the changes of groundwater table independently; the soluble sugars accumulation occurred under salt stress, whereas proline accumulation was more significant under drought stress. The concentration and concentrationincrement of ABA and CTK involved in stress resistance of three species were also determined. The trend of ABA and CTK concentration increment in Populus euphratica had a different pattern with other two species. Expressed as a function of ABA concentration increment in leaves, Apocynurn veneturn and rarnarix spp showed the different solute accumulation in response to groundwater table. There was a significant correlation between ABA accumulation and △[proline] in Apocynurn veneturn as well as between ABA accumulation and △[sugar] in Tarnarix spp.

关 键 词：可溶性糖 游离脯氨酸 内源ABA CTK 地下水位 水盐胁迫 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学]