生物复苏——大绝灭后生物演化历史的第一幕  

BIOTIC RECOVERY FIRST EPISODE OF EVOLUTION AFTER MASS EXTINCTION

作　　者：戎嘉余[1] 方宗杰[1] 陈旭[1] 陈金华[1] 廖卫华[1] 孙东立[1] 詹仁斌[1] 沈建伟[1] 童金南[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所 [2]中国地质大学

出　　处：《古生物学报》1996年第3期259-271,共13页Acta Palaeontologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所现代古生物学和地层学开放研究实验室基金

摘　　要：生命史是一部生物界短期、快速剧变与长期、慢速稳定相互交替的历史。大绝灭（即集群绝灭）事件反映了全球环境的大突变，点断了地质历史中的生命记录及其发展历程，预示着生物界的演化出现了最有意义的飞跃。近年来尝试研究大绝灭后全球生物界的残存－复苏及其基本型式，并探索复苏的控制因素，标志着地质科学中一个重心的转移（即从大绝灭转向其后的生物残存与复苏的研究）。生物复苏揭示了大绝灭后生物演化历史的第一幕，其研究的重要意义远远超过人们的预想。这一热门的前沿领域需要进行高分辨率的年代地层学和科学的系统分类学研究，并从分析各种级别的分类单元入手，在深入研究居群生物学、群落生态学与生物地理学３个层次的基础上，阐明大绝灭后新生态系建立的背景、过程与特点。笔者强调以显生宙各大绝灭后复苏研究为依据，纵向对比历次大绝灭后生物残存与复苏的时限、型式、环境及其控制因素，是复苏研究中最重要的课题之一。以古生代３次大绝灭为例，初步探讨其后生物残存－复苏－辐射的基本特征。华南是全球古生代３次大绝灭后复苏研究最理想的地区之一；深入研讨华南的材料。Sudden faunal changes on large scale within a relatively short geologic period may have alternated with a long term stasis during the biotic history. Mass extinction greatly changed global biotas, punctuated the life records, and played an extraordinary role in the history of evolution. Now, the penetration of mass extinction studies has been broadened to cover detailed investigations of biotic survival and recovery after mass extinction events, in particular under the auspices of IGCP 335 co chaired by D.H.Erwin and E.G.Kauffman. To illuminate the general patterns of the global biotic survival and recovery and to investigate environmental changes during the intervals, stratigraphic correlation of high resolution and fine taxonomic studies are basically necessary. Analyzing various types of taxonomic units, population biology, synecology, and biogeography through the mass extinction to survival recovery intervals, may reveal characters and background of new ecosystems after mass extinction. Taking three Palaeozoic mass extinctions (Late Ordovician, Late Devonian, and Late Permian) as examples, the present authors have preliminarily studied general patterns and basic characters of the survival recovery radiation intervals. Comparing general patterns of the intervals after three mass extinction events in Palaeozoic may bring to light some important rules of evolutionary history. South China is considered to be one of the best areas for the study of recovery after three Palaeozoic mass extinction events. Careful study of the examples from South China may afford some key results for global analysis. It is suggested that the boundaries between the survival and recovery intervals or between the recovery and radiation intervals using the data from various kinds of

关 键 词：大绝灭 生物复苏 生物演化 古生物学 

分 类 号：Q911.1[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]