应用不完全双列杂交法协作选配杂交水稻新组合的研究──Ⅰ·杂交组合产量等主要性状的表现分析  

COOPERATIVELY BREEDING NEW HYBRID RICE COMBINATIONS BY USING INCOMPLETE DIALLEL CROSS METHOD.I.ANALYSIS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF GRAIN YIELD AND OTHER IMPORTANT CHARACTERS OF HYBRID COMBINATIONS

作　　者：曾德初[1] 彭俊华[1] 龙太康 刘明[1] 吴凡 邵启明[1] 吴元奇[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川省农科院科技处,湛江农业专科学校农学系,绵阳市农科所,四川省农科院水稻高梁研究所,西南农业大学农学系

出　　处：《西南农业学报》1996年第1期5-18,共14页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：四川省水稻育种攻关项目

摘　　要：选取四川省水稻育种攻关组在“八五”前期育成的一批不育系和恢复系，按不完全双列杂交模式组配，获得４２个杂文组合（含３个对照）。１９９３年，在绵阳、成都、重庆和沪州作正规小区试验，鉴评杂交组合的表现。结果表明：参试杂交组合可划分为早、中、迟熟３组，各熟组内产量等１０个性状均存在极显著的基因型、地点及基因型×地点工作效应，这三者的相对重要性因熟组和性状而别。多数组合主要性状表现出了明显的超标优势，在３９个新组合中，比相应对照增产的组合有２７个（占６９．２３％），其中２１个（占５３．８５％）显著；表现高产稳产的早熟组合有早显Ａ／２０１—２、早显Ａ／明恢６３、重六Ａ／明恢６３等９个；中熟组合有辐７４Ａ／）川恢８０２、Ｋ７５Ａ／成恢０４７和Ｋ７５Ａ／明恢６３等；迟熟组合有辐７４Ａ／成恢０４７、珍汕９７Ａ／成恢０４７、辐７４Ａ／明恢６３等。从亲本对杂种的产量效应看，不育系中辐７４Ａ较明显超越Ｄ９０Ａ，接近珍汕９７Ａ；恢复系中成恢０４７相当于２０１—２和川恢８０２接近于明恢６３。A series of CMS lines and restorer lines developed in the early period of the Eighth Five-Year Plan of Sichuan Province were crossed according to the incomplete diallel cross method,and 42 hybrid crosses(including 3 checks)were obtained.A multiple-site experiment with macro-plot was conducted in Mianyang (31°28′N),Chengdu(30°40′N),Chongqin(29°50′N)and Luzhou(28°56′N) in 1993,to test the performance of the hybrid crosses.The results indicated that the crosses could be classified into early,medium and late maturing groups.Effects of genotype,location and genotype×location interaction on 10 important characters in the 3 groups were all highly significant,but their relative importance obviouslyvaried with groups and characters.The important characters for most of the crosses were suitable for the field production of rice,and possessed useful and significant over-standard heterosis,but the over-standard beterosis varied with crosses and maturing groups.Grain yield for 27 of the 39 new crosses were higher than the corresponding checks,and 21 of them were significant.Hybrid crosses with high grain yield and good stability were Zaoxian A/210-2,Zao xian A/Minghui 63,Chongliu A/Minghui 63 and other 6 crosses in the early group,Fu 74A/Chuanhui 802,K75A/Chenghui 047 and K75A/ Minghui 63 in the medium group,and Fu 74A/Chenghui 047,Zhenshan 97A/Chenghui047 Fu 74A/Minghui 63,etc.in the late group.According to the average grain yield of hybrids from a set of common Parents,Fu 74A was obviously higher,D90A was close to the check Zhenshan 97A among CMS lines;and Chenghui 047 was equal to 201-2 and Chuanhui 802 was close to the check Minghui 63 among restorer lines.Therefore,the breeding of hybrid rice combinations would be faster and more effective by using incomplete diallel cross method combined with multiple-site and macro-plot experiment.The problems and techniques for combining early maturity and high yielding capacity of rice were also discussed in this paper.

关 键 词：杂交稻 双列杂交 数量性状 稳定性 

分 类 号：S511.103.5[农业科学—作物学]